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EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING 


FOR  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS 


SELECTIONS 

FROM 

Ritchie's  Fabulae  Faciles,  Lhomond's 

Urbis  Romae  Viri  Inlustres,  and 

Gellius'  Noctes  Atticae 


EDITED,  WITH  INTRODUCTION,  MODELS 
FOR  WRITTEN  LESSONS,  IDIOMS,  AND  ANNOTATIONS 


B.  L.  D'OOGE 

Michigan  State  Normal  School 


GINN   &  COMPANY 

BOSTON  •  NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO  •  LONDON 


/- 


1 

Copyright,  1897 
By    B.   L.    D'OOGE 


ALL  RIGHTS   RESBRVBD 
III.5 


tgfte   jatftengum   JPregg 

GINN   &   COMPANY  •  PRO- 
PRIETORS  •  BOSTON  •  U.S.A. 


D7 


IS'97 

PREFACE./^/?//!/ 


This  little  book  is  put  forth  with  the  hope  that  it  will 
lead  to  more  sight  reading  in  secondary  schools.  While 
theoretically  all  agree  that  nothing  is  more  helpful  and 
inspiring,  practically  but  few  give  it  the  attention  it  de- 
serves. When  sight  reading  is  made  to  mean  loose  guess- 
ing and  inexact  interpretation  of  Latin  as  a  refuge  from 
hard  study  and  scholarly  habits,  nothing  can  be  urged  in 
its  defense  ;  but  properly  understood  as  a  method  by  which 
one  may  be  safely  and  surely  led  to  read  and  understand 
Latin  as  Latin,  to  take  in  its  thoughts  easily  in  the  order 
in  which  they  are  presented,  with  no  conscious  appeal  to 
English,  we  must  all  acknowledge  its  primary  importance. 

Poor  results  in  the  study  of  Latin  are  largely  due  to  mis- 
directed energy.  Students  learn  much  about  the  language, 
but  do  not  learn  the  language  itself.  They  get  the  form,  but 
not  the  substance.  While  no  language  can  be  learned  with- 
out knowing  its  grammar  and  syntax,  the  amount  of  such 
knowledge  that  is  necessary  to  one  who  seeks  only  the  mean- 
ing of  the  text  is  much  smaller  than  is  often  supposed;  and 
however  valuable  close  grammatical  analysis  may  be  for 
other  purposes,  it  may,  and  no  doubt  often  does,  seriously 
impede  progress  towards  rapid  reading  and  intelligent  appre- 
ciation.    The  man  who  parsed  Milton's  "Paradise  Lost" 


iv  PREFACE. 

from  beginning  to  end  can  hardly  have  felt  the  poet's  inspi- 
ration, whatever  he  may  have  learned  of  formal  grammar. 

Students  can  never  really  enter  the  field  of  Latin  literature 
nor  read  it  widely  and  appreciatively  who  cannot  understand 
it  as  it  is  written,  without  change  of  order  and  without 
formal  translation.  We  translate  far  too  much,  we  read  the 
original  far  too  little.  Students  should  be  taught  to  read, 
and  to  understand  as  they  read,  without  translation,  from 
the  very  beginning.  The  aim  from  the  outset  should  be  to 
learn  to  read  Latin.  This  is  not  so  difficult  as  it  seems, 
and  pupils  in  secondary  schools  can  with  proper  instruction 
acquire  considerable  facility  in  this  direction. 

Many  of  us  have  felt  the  lack  of  just  the  right  kind  of 
reading-matter  for  beginners  to  grapple  with.  The  ancients 
did  not  write  for  babes  and  sucklings,  and  the  Latin  offered 
for  translation  at  sight  is  mostly  meat  too  strong  for  young 
beginners.  Latin  that  is  too  hard  is  worse  than  useless, 
and  leads  to  nothing  but  discouragement  and  self-deprecia- 
tion. Students  must  feel  that  they  can  conquer  and  are 
conquering  from  day  to  day.  It  has  seemed  to  me  that  for 
a  well-graded  series  of  selections  for  secondary  schools 
nothing  better  can  be  found  than  Ritchie's  Fabulae  Faciles, 
Lhomond's  Urbis  Romae  Viri  Inlustres,  and  Gellius'  Nodes 
Atticae,  The  selections  have  accordingly  been  made  from 
these  three  sources.  The  Fabulae  Faciles  may  be  used  to 
advantage  during  the  latter  half  of  the  first  year  and  the 
first  part  of  the  second;  the  selections  from  Viri  Romae 
come  next  in  difficulty,  and  then  those  from  Gellius.  It  has 
been  my  purpose  to  afford  sufficient  and  suitable  material 
for  the  entire  preparatory  course.  It  is  hoped  that,  far  from 
being  an  added  burden  to  students  already  overworked,  the 


PREFACE.  V 

use  of  this  book  will  greatly  facilitate  the  progress  through 
the  required  work. 

From  considerable  experience  with  classes  in  sight  reading 
and  from  the  experience  and  publications  of  others,  I  have 
compiled  and  formulated  in  a  few  introductory  pages  some 
hints  and  suggestions  that  I  have  found  most  useful,  practi- 
cally, in  teaching  the  art  of  reading  Latin.  These  are  fol- 
lowed by  a  few  models  for  written  lessons,  which  will  be  of 
some  use  in  fixing  the  foregoing  suggestions.  In  these  I 
have  followed,  in  the  main,  the  method  which  Prof.  W.  G. 
Hale  describes  in  his  well-known  pamphlet,  "The  Art  of 
Reading  Latin."  While  Professor  Hale's  method  is  admir- 
able in  many  respects,  it  is  possible  for  less  skillful  teachers 
to  overdo  the  science  to  the  detriment  of  the  art,  />.,  to  per- 
plex the  mind  with  unnecessary  questions  as  to  possible  or 
probable  constructions  that  only  delay  the  successful  prog- 
ress of  the  interpretation.  I  do  not,  therefore,  think  it  well 
to  continue  such  close  analysis  by  written  work,  after  the 
fundamental  principles  of  Latin  order  and  syntax  have  been 
well  mastered. 

The  text  of  the  selections  from  Vi7'i  Romae  is  that  of 
Holzer's  tenth  edition  (Stuttgart,  1889);  Hertz  (Leipsic, 
1886)  has  been  followed  in  those  from  Gellius.  For  the 
material  from  Fabulae  Faciles,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  F. 
Ritchie,  of  Seven  Oaks,  England,  who  kindly  placed  his 
excellent  little  book  at  my  disposal.  Barring  a  few  simpli- 
fications, and  some  modifications  in  orthography  and  punc- 
tuation, the  texts  have  been  followed  without  variation. 
As  authority  for  quantities  the  last  edition  (1895)  of  Lewis' 
Elementary  Latin  Dictionary  has  been  followed,  as  the  most 
widely  adopted,  if  not  in  all  cases  the  best  standard. 


vi  PREFACE, 

The  notes  consist  in  the  main  of  synonyms,  antonyms, 
and  Latin  paraphrases  and  definitions.  In  these  the  words 
used  are  such  as  are  common  in  Caesar,  Cicero,  and  Vergil, 
the  aim  being  to  increase  the  student's  vocabulary  and 
thereby  his  ability  to  read  those  authors.  English  transla- 
tions are  given  only  where  no  happy  and  easy  Latin  equiva- 
lent suggested  itself. 

It  is  suggested  that  teachers  make  frequent  use  of  the 
selections  for  oral  reading.  Our  methods  of  teaching  are 
apt  to  neglect  the  ear,  a  most  powerful  instrument  in  the 
interpretation  of  thought,  and  to  train  the  eye  only.  Often 
good  students  will  fail  to  understand  the  simplest  Latin 
when  it  is  read  to  them.  These  selections  will  be  found  of 
about  the  right  difficulty  for  this  important  discipline. 

Full  and  grateful  acknowledgment  is  made  to  all  who 
have  added  to  the  value  of  these  pages  by  their  publications 
in  this  field.  Many  helpful  suggestions  have  been  drawn 
from  these  sources.  Special  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  John 
Tetlow,  head-master  of  the  Boston  Girls'  High  and  Latin 
Schools,  for  many  valuable  criticisms  ;  and  to  Principal 
A.  R.  Crittenden,  of  the  Ypsilanti  High  School,  and  to 
Miss  Helen  B.  Muir,  assistant  in  ancient  languages  in  this 
institution,  for  assistance  in  reading  the  proof. 


November  20, 1896. 


B.  L.  D'OOGE, 
Michigan  State  Normal  School. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGB 

Introduction .        .  i 

Models  for  Written  Lessons 15 

Common  Latin  Idioms 20 

Selections  from  Ritchie's  Fabulae  Faciles        ...  25 

I.  Perseus 25 

II.  Hercules       .        .        . 32 

Selections  from  Lhomond's  Viri  Romae      ....  64 

I.  Marcus  Atilius  Regulus 64 

II.  PuBLius  Cornelius  Scipio  Africanus      ...  69 

III.  Marcus  Porcius  Cato 88 

IV.  Aemilius  Paulus  Macedonicus 97 

Selections  from  Gellius'  Noctes  Atticae  ....  106 

NO. 

no.  The  reply  of  Fabricius  to  the  Samnite  ambassadors        .  108 

111.  Why  Socrates  put  up  with  his  quarrelsome  wife,  and 

what  Varro  says  about  the  duty  of  husbands      .        .  109 

112.  The  Sibylline  books no 

113.  Who   Papirius   Praetextatus  was,  and  why  he  was  so 

called 112 

114.  The  epitaphs  of  Naevius,  Plautus,  and  Pacuvius     .        .114 

115.  Socrates'  endurance  and  temperance       .         .         .         •  '  1 5 

116.  What  divinity  causes  the  earthquake      .         .         .         •  n? 

117.  Shaving  among  the  Romans 119 

118.  A  famous  letter  written  to  King  Pyrrhus  by  the  Roman 

consuls 120 

119.  Sudden  death  caused  by.  excessive  joy    ....  122 

120.  Why  Fabricius  favored  Rufinus,  an  avaricious  man,  for 

the  consulship 123 


viii  CONTENTS. 

NO.  PAGE 

121.  Alexander's  horse,  Bucephalas 124 

122.  How  Hannibal  mocked  Antiochus 126 

123.  How  the  mute  son  of  Croesus  regained  the  power  of 

speech  .         . 127 

124.  A  story  about  Polus,  the  actor 129 

125.  The  sanctity  of  an  oath  among  the  Romans   .        .         .130 

126.  Some  famous  ancient  libraries 132 

127.  A  letter  of  King  Philip  to  Aristotle  .         .         .         '133 

128.  The  largest  rivers  of  the  ancient  world    .         .         .         •     134 

129.  Why  the  Greeks  and  Romans  wear  the  ring  on  next  to 

the  smallest  finger  of  the  left  hand     .         .         .         -135 

130.  A  story  about  the  Romans  and  the  Carthaginians  .         .     136 

131.  The  response  of  Romulus  about  the  use  of  wine    .         -137 

132.  A  memorable  reconciliation  between  two  distinguished 

men     .        . 137 

133.  A  conversation  between  Pacuvius  and  Accius  .         -139 

134.  The  strange  death  of  Milo,  the  athlete    .         .         .         .140 

135.  A  marvelous  prediction  of  the  battle  of  Pharsalia  .         .141 

136.  Mithradates  and  Ennius  as  linguists        .         .         .         .142 

137.  That  it  is  worse  to  be  coldly  praised  than  to  be  too 

harshly  criticised 142 

138.  The  number  of  Niobe's  children 143 

Pronouncing  Vocabulary   of   Greek   and  Latin  Proper 

Names 144 


FULL-PAGE   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Perseus  and  the  Head  of  Medusa 25 

Hercules 32 

Roman  in  Toga  Praetexta 64 

The  Acropolis  of  Athens        ......*  106 


EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 


INTRODUCTION. 

I.    What  is  Sight  Reading? 

By  sight  reading  is  meant  the  ability  to  read  and  un- 
derstand Latin  in  the  order  in  which  it  stands,  without 
formal  translation  and  without  slavish  dependence  upon 
grammar  and  dictionary.  If  a  translation  be  required,  it 
should  come  as  a  subsequent  exercise  in  English  after 
the  thought  of  the  Latin  is  already  clear.  Sight  reading 
does  not  mean  inexact  and  rapid  skimming  over  of  a 
Latin  text.  In  acquiring  the  power  to  read  at  sight,  we 
proceed  at  first  slowly,  afterwards  with  greater  speed,  to 
an  exact  and  accurate  comprehension  of  the  language. 

IL   What  are  the  Difficulties? 

The  difficulties  are  not  so  great  as  is  usually  supposed. 
Constant  practice  and  persistent  effort  along  right  meth- 
ods together  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  essentials 
of  Latin  grammar  are  all  that  is  required.  The  three 
chief  obstacles  that  hinder  the  student's  progress  through 
a  Latin  sentence  are  his  deficient  vocabulary,  his  unfa- 
miliarity  with  the  constructions,  and  the  unusual  order  of 
the  words  and  clauses. 


2  £ASV  LATIN  FOR   SIGHT  READING, 

III.    Consideration  of  the  Difficulties: 

A,  Vocabulary. 

The  vocabulary  actually  necessary  for  reading  ordinary 
Latin  is  not  discouragingly  large.  A  certain  amount  is, 
however,  indispensable.  To  build  up  a  good  vocabulary 
words  should  be  memorized  systematically.  The  follow- 
ing hints  may  be  found  helpful : 

a.  Learn  as  soon  as  possible  the  meanings  of  the  prep- 
ositions, conjunctions,  pronominal  adverbs,  and  numerals. 
These  recur  very  frequently  and  can  neither  be  guessed 
nor  omitted. 

b.  Learn  the  force  of  the  principal  prefixes  and  suf- 
fixes, and  the  most  important  rules  for  word  formation 
(H.  pp.  152-178;  A.  pp.  140-162).  Master  all  that  is 
essential,  omitting  exceptions  and  minor  points. 

c.  Memorize  new  words  as  you  meet  them,  beginning 
with  the  first  or  root  meaning  of  words  in  their  simplest 
forms,  e.g.,  learn  dtico  before  you  try  to  remember  con- 
duco.  Knowing  the  root  meaning  and  the  force  of  prefix 
or  suffix,  you  will  be  easily  led,  without  using  a  dictionary, 
to  the  meanings  of  derivatives  and  compounds. 

d.  In  inferring  the  meaning  of  a  prepositional  com- 
pound, try  the  root  meaning  before  you  try  to  add  the 
force  of  the  preposition.  Many  prepositional  compounds 
fail  to  show  the  force  of  the  preposition  in  translation, 
e.g.,  adiuvo  differs  but  little  from  iuvo,  and  indigeo  from 
egeo.  Often  the  particular  force  of  a  compound  is  made 
clear  by  the  context. 

e.  English  derivatives,  if  used  in  the  proper  way,  may 
afford  valuable  aid  in  inferring  meanings.     A  derivative 


INTRODUCTION.  3 

is,  however,  always  open  to  suspicion,  and  should  not 
be  trusted  in  most  cases  beyond  a  mere  suggestion.  In 
the  case  of  a  new  verb,  the  perfect  participle  will  often 
suggest  some  English  derivative  that  will  give  the  help 
desired,  e,g,,  subtractus  through  English  subtract  may 
suggest  the  proper  translation  for  subtraho. 

/.  Have  a  try  at  every  word  before  you  consult  the 
dictionary ;  but  when  you  are  compelled  to  do  this,  look 
up  the  word  in  question  so  thoroughly  that  you  will  not 
need  to  do  so  again.  Students  waste  an  incalculable 
amount  of  time  in  looking  up  the  same  word  a  score  of 
times. 

B,    Syntax. 

Happily  the  days  are  past  when  students  were  made 
to  swallow  Latin  grammar  in  toto  before  being  allowed  to 
use  any  of  it  in  practice.  The  victims  of  formal  culture 
so  called  have  been  many.  The  new  teaching  of  Latin 
differs  radically  from  the  old  in  that  it  seeks  to  apply 
grammatical  knowledge  as  fast  as  it  is  acquired  and  that 
it  excludes  all  non-essentials.  In  the  study  of  syntax 
practical  utility  is  the  aim  of  instruction.  It  should  be 
learned  as  it  is  needed.  Much  that  the  grammar  con- 
.  tains  is  never  needed  by  students  in  secondary  schools. 
Many  greatly  overestimate  the  amount  of  syntax  that  is 
indispensable  to  correct  and  facile  interpretation,  and  in 
trying  to  learn  too  much  fail  to  learn  the  little  well. 
The  essential  little  must  be  as  well  known  as  the  English 
alphabet. 

By  practice,  great  facility  can  be  acquired  in  recogniz- 
ing and  even  anticipating  constructions.     Many  of  them 


4  £ASy  LATIN  FOR   SIGHT  READING, 

are  preceded  or  accompanied  by  invariable  signs  that  are 
soon  learned,  if  attention  be  called  to  them.  Alertness 
of  mind  and  a  little  common  sense,  assisted  by  the  con- 
text, often  lead  one  to  the  correct  interpretation  without 
any  special  thought  of  the  construction.  To  know  the 
name  of  a  construction  is  no  help  in  itself  to  the  correct 
interpretation.  The  more  we  read  and  the  more  easily 
we  do  so,  the  less  we  consider  constructions  as  such, 
though,  of  course,  we  of  necessity  give  the  proper  force 
to  each  case  and  mood  in  interpreting  the  thought. 
Construing  is,  therefore,  not  an  end  in  itself,  but  should 
be  merely  the  means  to  the  end,  namely,  the  interpreta- 
tion of  the  Latin.  When  overdone  and  perfunctory,  as  it 
often  is,  it  retards  rather  than  assists  a  pupil's  progress 
in  reading  Latin.  Some  special  hints  on  construction 
are  given  later  on  under  a  separate  heading. 

C,    Order  of  Words. 

The  difficulty  that  appears  most  formidable  to  begin- 
ners is  the  strangeness  of  the  Latin  order.  Perfect 
familiarity  with  the  Roman  ways  of  constructing  sen- 
tences is,  however,  an  absolute  essential  to  easy  reading. 
The  strangeness  of  the  order  is  often  more  apparent  than 
real.  Examples  of  the  periodic  structure  and  of  inverted 
order  are  not  uncommon  in  English  and  are  readily 
understood,  e.g.^  "Whom  ye  ignorantly  worship,  him 
declare  I  unto  you." 

"  Up  from  the  meadows  rich  with  com, 
Clear  in  the  cool  September  morn, 
The  clustered  towers  of  Frederick  stand." 


INTRODUCTION.  5 

One  reason,  and  perhaps  the  principal  one,  why  we 
find  sentences  such  as  these  so  difficult  in  Latin  is  that 
we  try  to  get  the  Latin  thought  in  fragments  by  reading 
and  translating  bits  of  the  sentence  at  a  time,  instead 
of  reading  it  all  straight  through  and  thus  getting  the 
complete  thought  in  one  effort  of  the  mind  as  we  do  in 
English. 

A  peculiarity  of  Latin  style  that  is  often  conspicuous, 
and  one  that  is  of  great  assistance  in  interpretation,  is 
that  the  thoughts  generally  move  by  antitheses.  These 
contrasts  are  carefully  marked  by  the  order  of  the  words 
and  by  particles.  By  noticing  these,  you  can  anticipate 
the  course  of  the  thought. 

The  following  brief  summary  of  important  points  on 
order  and  style  may  be  found  helpful : 

a.  To  read  a  language  the  words  must  be  taken  exactly 
as  they  come. 

b.  Read  a  sentence  straight  through  before  you  try  to 
translate  any  of  it.  As  you  read,  carry  along  in  thought 
the  meanings  of  the  words,  whether  vague  or  definite  to 
your  mind,  and  their  probable  office,  so  far  as  the  prog- 
ress of  the  sentence  enables  you  to  do  so.  Keep  the 
mind  expectant  until  the  close  of  the  sentence  settles  all 
doubtful  points.  Try  to  grasp  the  meaning  of  the  sen- 
tence as  a  whole.  If  you  do  not  succeed  the  first  time, 
read  it  again  and  again  until  you  think  you  get  the 
thought. 

c.  Latin  aims  to  keep  the  same  subject  throughout  a 
complex  sentence.  When  the  subject  is  changed,  that 
fact  is  usually  made  plain  by  inserting  it  or  a  pronoun 
referring  to  it. 


6  EASY  LATIN-  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 

d.  The  first  word  in  a  sentence  is  always  conspicuous 
in  interest  and  importance.  Very  often  it  is  a  noun,  pro- 
noun, or  phrase  referring  to  the  preceding  sentence  or  to 
some  part  of  it : 

Id  cum  frustra  saepe  f ecisset,  etc.  Here  id  refers  to 
what  has  been  described  in  the  foregoing  sentence. 

e.  The  most  important  word  or  combination  of  words 
is  often  taken  out  from  a  subordinate  introductory 
sentence  and  placed  at  the  very  beginning  before  the 
connective  introducing  that  sentence.  This  order  is 
especially  common  with  cum  clauses  of  time  and  cause. 
The  word  or  phrase  thus  made  emphatic  is  often  such  as 
has  been  described  in  d  above  : 

Latinus  dum  ad  Tiberim  descendit,  sacerdos  bovem 

immolavit. 
In  quem  postquam  omnium  ora  conversa  sunt,  ad 

JTnum  omnes  Scipionem  in  Hispania  proconsulem 

esse  iusserunt. 
Quae    res   cum   iuveni  Pompeio   cenanti  ntintiata 

esset,  etc. 

/.  When  a  word  serves  as  the  common  subject  or 
object  of  both  a  principal  and  subordinate  clause,  it 
stands  before  them  both.  The  same  is  true,  if  the  same 
word  is  subject  of  the  principal  clause  and  object  (direct 
or  indirect)  of  the  subordinate  clause.  Likewise  if  the 
subject  of  the  subordinate  clause  is  the  object  (direct  or 
indirect)  of  the  principal  clause.  (Cf.  Menge's  Repeti- 
torium,  543.) 

Ancns,  priusquam  eis  bellum  indiceret,  legatum 
misit,  Ancus,  before  he  declared  war  against  them^ 
sent  an  ambassador. 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

MsLsinissSbm  qui  egregie  rem  Romanam  adiuverat 
aurea  corona  donavit,  Masinissa^  who  had  con- 
spicuously assisted  the  Roman  expedition^  he  gave  a 
golden  crown. 

g,  Latin  makes  use  of  many  words,  commonly  pronouns 
and  pronominal  adverbs,  to  point  forward  to  a  following 
explanatory  sentence.  We  are  thus  led  to  anticipate  and 
prepare  ourselves  for  what  is  to  come.  Watch  for  these 
signs  and  make  the  most  of  them.  They  are  very  help- 
ful. 

Forte  its,  incidit  ut  eo  ipso  tempore  Hasdnibal  ad 
eimdem  portum  appelleret,  perchance  it  so  happened 
that  at  that  very  time  Hasdrubal  landed  at  the  same 
harbor. 
Tam  longe  aberam  ut  eum  non  viderem,  /  was  so  far 
away  that  I  did  not  see  him. 

Here  iia  and  iam  point  forward  to  the  following  ut 

clauses. 

h.  A  modifying  clause  or  phrase  is  usually  put  before 
the  thing  modified,  hence  a  clause  of  characteristic  some- 
times precedes  the  thing  characterized  : 

TJnde  agger  comportSirl  posset,  nihU  erat  reli- 
quum,  there  was  nothing  left  from  which  a  mound 
could  be  constructed. 

/.  Words  strongly  contrasted  are  often  put  next  to  each 
other.  When  the  subject  and  object  are  thus  placed,  it 
is  sometimes  difficult  to  distinguish  them  until  we  come 
to  the  verb.  With  a  verb  taking  two  accusatives,  the 
subject  often  stands  between  them  : 

Me  Albani  ducem  creaverunt,  the  Albans  elected  me 
general. 


8  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 

J.  Quidem  always  marks  an  antithesis,  expressed  or 
understood.  Do  not  always  translate  it  by  indeed,  which 
often  means  nothing  at  all.  It  is  often  untranslatable, 
though  its  influence  is  always  felt  : 

Bellum  quidem  nullum  gessit,  sed  non  minus  civitati 
profuit  quam  Romulus,  he  waged  no  war,  to  be  sure, 
but  he  was  of  no  less  service  to  the  state  than 
Romulus, 

k.  The  antecedent  of  a  relative  pronoun  often  follows 
it,  and  often  it  is  not  expressed  at  all  : 

Cum  in  insidias  venissent  qui  locus  Furculae  Caudi. 
nae  vocabatur,  etc.,  when  they  had  come  to  the  am- 
bush, a  place  which  was  called  the  Caudine  Forks. 

Pomp>eius  enim,  quod  antea  contigerat  nemini,  pri- 
mum  ex  Africa,  iterum  ex  Eurdpa,  tertio  ex 
Asia  triumphavit,  for  Pompey  triumphed  first 
over  Africa,  second  over  Europe,  and  third  over 
Asia,  (a  thing)  which  had  happened  to  no  one  before, 

Misit  (sc.  eos)  qui  sibi  consulatum  deposcerent,  he 
sent  (men)  to  demand  the  consulship  for  himself 

I,  Adjectives  that  precede  nouns  are  emphatic,  unless 
they  are  numeral  adjectives  or  adjectives  expressing 
quantity. 

m.  An  adverb  modifies  a  verb,  adjective,  or  other  ad- 
verb, and  regularly  precedes  the  word  it  modifies. 

n.   Cum  often  stands  between  an  adjective  and  noun. 


INTRODUCTION.  9 

IV.    Notes  on  Individual  Words  and  Construc- 
tions. 

1.  Latin  expresses  loosely  by  means  of  participles  all 
sorts  of  relations  that  are  expressed  in  English  by  sub- 
ordinate clauses.  The  particular  relation  must  be  deter- 
mined by  the  context. 

2.  Expect  to  find  many  more  cases  of  apposition 
than  in  English.  An  appositive  often  takes  the  place 
of: 

a.  A  temporal  clause. 

Cicero  puer  Arpini  vixit,  Cicero^  when  he  was  a  boy^ 
lived  at  Arpinum. 

b.  A  concessive  clause. 

Labieno  legato  milites  non  parent,  the  soldiers  do  not 
obey  Labienus,  although  he  is  lieutenant. 

c.  A  relative  clause. 

Elxtemus    timor,     maximum     concordiae    vinculimi, 

etc.,  fear  without^  which  is  the  strongest  bond  of 
union. 

3.  Clauses  capable  of  being  used  as  the  subject  or  the 
object  of  a  verb  are  : 

I.  Infinitive  Clauses,  or  Indicative  Clauses  with 

quod  in  statements  of  fact. 
II.  Indirect  Questions. 

III.  Purpose  Clauses. 

IV.  Result  Clauses. 

4.  Cum  is  either  a  preposition  or  a  conjunction.  The 
following  word  will  usually  determine  its  character.  If 
that  be  a  noun  in  the  ablative  case,  cum  is  a  preposition. 


10  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 

Sometimes,  however,  a  modifying  genitive  stands  between 
cum  and  its  object.  If  cum  be  a  conjunction,  it  may  be 
a  mere  connective,  correlative  with  a  following  tum,  or 
it  may  introduce  a  subordinate  clause  and  mean  since^ 
although,  or  when.  If  it  introduces  a  subordinate  clause 
and  means  since  or  although,  it  is  followed  by  the  sub- 
junctive. If  it  means  when,  the  following  mood  will 
be  indicative,  in  case  the  tense  be  present  or  future  ; 
if  the  tense  be  past,  the  mood  will  probably  be  sub- 
junctive. 

5.  Dum,  donee,  and  quoad,  in  the  sense  of  while  or  as 
long  as,  take  the  indicative  mood.  In  the  sense  of  until, 
when  expressing /^^;^(7^^,  doubt,  ox  futurity,  they  take  the 
subjunctive. 

6.  Antequam  and  priusquam,  when  referring  to  an 
anticipated  or  intended  act  which  may  or  may  not  occur, 
take  the  subjunctive.  When  they  refer  to  the  actual 
occurrence  of  an  event  as  a  point  beyond  or  back  of  which 
the  main  event  took  place,  they  take  the  indicative  : 

Priusquam  dimicarent,  milites  hortatus  est,  he  ha- 
rangued the  soldiers  before  they  fought. 

Haec  non  intellexit  antequam  Grenavam  pervenit,  he 
did  not  perceive  this  before  he  arrived  at  Geneva. 

7.  Quin  has  the  following  principal  uses  : 

,   ^  .     .     ,   ,  .  ,    r  ^-  Interrogative,  why  not? 

I.  Principal  clauses, with      ,  ^       u      x-  -  ^    j 

,     .    ,.      .  \  b.  Corroborative,     indeed^ 

the  indicative.  .7      ^ 

L  nay,  verity,  etc. 


QuIn. 


II.  Subordinate    clauses,  (  Used   after   negative   sen- 
with  the  subjunctive.  I       tences  to  express  result. 


INTRODUCTION, 


11 


8.    Ut  has  the  following  principal  uses : 


UtJ 


As    conjunctive    ad 
verb,  with  the  indica- . 
tive. 


II.  As  conjunction,  with 
the  subjunctive. 


Time,  when,  as  soon  as. 
'a.  Interrogative, 
how?  in  what 
way? 

Manner.  \  b.  Relative,  as, 
for  example, 
just  as,  since, 
considering. 

Concessive,  although. 

Purpose,  that,  in  order 
that,  in  order  that  not 
(after  verbs  of  fearing). 

Result,  so  that,  that. 


As  a  relative  adverb  ut  is  often  followed  by  a  noun  in 
apposition,  or  by  an  adjective. 

9.  Et  has  three  uses:  (i)  as  connecting  two  words  or 
expressions,  a7id;  (2)  as  the  first  of  two  et's,  both  .  .  . 
and;  (3)  as  bearing  upon  a  single  word,  also^  too,  even. 

10.  Adeo  in  its  commonest  use  means  to  such  a  degree^ 
and  is  followed  by  an  ut  clause  of  result. 

11.  Dubito,  in  the  sense  of  doubt^  and  dubium  pre- 
ceded by  a  negative,  are  usually  followed  by  quin  and 
the  subjunctive.  In  the  sense  of  hesitate  dubito  is  regu- 
larly followed  by  the  infinitive. 

12.  A  pluperfect  subjunctive  is  equal  to  a  future  per- 
fect indicative  from  a  past  point  of  view. 

13.  Keep  in  mind: 

a.  That  the  gerund  is  a  verbal  noun,  and  may  there- 
fore stand  either  alone  or  with  an  object. 


12  £ASV  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING, 

b.  That  the  gerundive  is  a  participle  used  adjectively, 
agreeing  with  a  substantive  in  gender,  number,  and  case. 

c.  That  the  gerundive  with  its  substantive  may  be  used 
for  any  gerund  with  a  substantive. 

d.  That  the  gerund  with  a  direct  object  is  commonly 
used  only  in  the  genitive  and  in  the  ablative  without  a 
preposition.     In  other  cases  the  gerundive  is  preferred. 

14.  Distinguish  between  plus,  amplius,  potius,  and 
magis. 

plus  refers  to  quantity. 

amplius  refers  to  extent  of  time  or  space. 

potius  expresses  preference,  and  excludes  the  second  of 

two  things  compared. 
magis  expresses  degree. 

15.  Predicate  adjectives  may  be  followed  by  the  dative, 
by  the  objective  genitive,  or  by  the  ablative  of  specifica- 
tion to  complete  their  meaning : 

Hoc  hosti  optimum  erat,  tkts  was  best  for  the  enemy. 
Avidus  ISLUdis  erat,  he  was  eager  for  praise. 
Claudus  altero  pede  est,  he  is  lame  in  one  foot. 

16.  The  cases. 

I .   The  Nominative. 

An  introductory  noun  in  the  nominative  case  is  the 
subject  of  a  verb  either  main  or  subordinate. 

2.   The  Genitive, 

a.  In  general  the  genitive  of  a  noun  may  be  possessive, 
subjective,  objective,  partitive,  or  in  apposition  with 
some  other  genitive.  If  modified  by  an  adjective,  it  may 
be  descriptive  genitive. 


INTRODUCTION.         ^  13 

b.  The  genitive  of  a  pronoun  will  be  either  possessive, 
subjective,  objective,  partitive,  or  belong  to  some  noun 
as  an  adjective. 

c.  The  genitive  of  an  adjective  expressing  size  or  quan- 
tity may  agree  with  a  noun  or  may  express  the  value 
of  something. 

d.  The  Latin  genitive  is  used  to  express  that  to  which 
the  action  of  a  noun  or  an  adjective  is  done  (objective), 
as  well  as  that  from  which  it  springs  (subjective). 

e.  Nouns  expressing  activity  of  the  mind  or  heart  are 
usually  followed  by : 

(i)  The  objective  genitive  of  a  noun. 
(2)  The  objective  genitive  of  a  gerund  or  of   a  ger- 
undive agreeing  with  a  noun. 

3.   The  Dative, 

a.  The  dative  of  any  word  may  designate  the  person 
or  thing  indirectly  concerned  in  an  act  or  state  expressed 
by  a  noun,  adjective,  verb,  or  a  group  of  words. 

b.  The  dative  of  the  name  of  a  person,  or  of  a  word 
referring  to  a  person,  may  have  the  general  sense  of  the 
dative  case,  or  may  designate  the  apparent  agent  or  the 
possessor. 

c.  Words  denoting  persons  deprived  of  a  thing  are 
often  put  in  the  dative,  the  Latin  regarding  the  act  as 
done  to  the  persons. 

d.  If  a  form  that  may  be  either  dative  or  ablative  be  the 
name  of  a  person  or  refer  to  a  person,  it  is  more  likely  to 
be  a  dative  than  an  ablative,  since  personal  relations  are 
denoted  more  frequently  by  the  former  than  by  the  latter. 


14  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 


4.   The  Accusative, 

a.  The  name  of  a  town  or  domus  or  rus,  in  the  accusa- 
tive without  a  preposition,  probably  designates  the  object 
to  which  motion  is  directed. 

b.  The  name  of  a  person,  or  a  word  referring  to  per- 
sons, in  the  accusative  case  without  a  preposition,  must 
be  either  the  object  of  a  verb,  the  subject  or  predicate  of 
an  infinitive,  or  in  apposition  with  one  of  these. 

c.  As  accusatives  of  specification  are  found  most  com- 
monly:  the  relative  quod;  the  interrogative  quid;  hoc 
and  id  with  aetatis  or  temporis ;  partem,  vicem,  and 
genus  with  omne  or  a  pronoun. 

d.  Accusatives  of  time  and  space  are  naturally  limited 
to  such  nouns  as  can  convey  such  ideas,  e.g.^  pedes, 
menses,  etc. 

e.  Cognate  accusatives  are  possible  only  for  nouns  that 
repeat  in  substantive  form  the  meaning  of  a  verb,  e.g.^ 
vita,  somnium,  etc.;  and  for  neuter  pronouns  and  adjec- 
tives. 

5.   The  Ablative, 

a.  The  ablative  case  includes  three  ideas  from  which 
all  its  constructions  flow,  viz, :  the  starting  point  (the  true 
ablative, /r^;«),  the  means  (the  instrumental,  by)^  and  the 
place  (the  locative,  in), 

b.  Nearly  all  ablatives  can  be  absolute,  or  can  depend 
on  a  comparative  or  on  a  special  word  like  dignus  or 
utor.  The  meaning  of  the  word  is  a  great  help  in 
suggesting  the  correct  construction. 


INTRODUCTION.  15 

r.  The  ablative  without  a  preposition,  referring  to  a 
person,  must  be  ablative  absolute,  ablative  dependent  on 
a  comparative  or  some  special  word  like  dignus  or  utor, 
or  ablative  of  source  with  some  word  like  genitus,  ortus, 
or  natus. 

d.  The  ablative  of  a  word  referring  to  time  naturally 
expresses  the  time  when. 


MODELS    FOR   WRITTEN   LESSONS. 

To  THE  Teacher. 

The  following  exercises  are  intended  to  fix  more  firmly 
in  mind  the  preceding  principles  of  order  and  syntax. 
They  should  be  used  at  convenient  intervals  and  without 
previous  announcement  or  preparation.  The  passage  for 
translation  should  be  written  on  the  board,  and  each  ques- 
tion should  be  answered  as  it  occurs  before  the  pupil 
goes  farther.  Do  not  write  more  of  the  sentence  than 
precedes  the  respective  questions  until  they  are  answered. 
Teachers  may  find  it  profitable  to  prepare  additional 
exercises  on  the  models  here  presented. 

I. 
Virgines  Sabinorum  rapiuntur. 

Multi^  convenere^  studi5^  videndae*  novae  urbis,  maxime 
Sabini  cum^  liberis  et^  coniugibus.  Ubi  spectaculi  tempus 
venit  eoque''  conversae  mentes  cum  oculis  erant,  tum  signo^ 
dato^  iuvenes  Roman!  discurrunt^^,  virgines  rapiunt". 


16  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING, 

1.  What  may  be  said  of  the  first  word  in  a  sentence? 

2.  What  tense  ?     Give  the  other  form. 

3.  What  are  the  possible  cases  and  constructions  ?  What 
constructions  may  follow  studio?     (See  IV,  16,  2,  ^.) 

4.  Is  this  a  gerund  or  a  gerundive  ? 

5.  What  are  the  possible  uses  and  meanings  of  cum? 

6.  What  are  the  uses  of  et  ? 

7.  eoque  :=et  in  eum  locum- 

8.  Possible  cases  and  constructions  ? 

9.  Construction?  What  relations  may  be  expressed  by 
participles  ? 

10.  What  is  the  force  of  the  prefix  dis-  ? 

1 1 .  Translate. 

II. 

De  virtute  Reguli. 

Primo  bello  Punico^  Regulus,  dux  R5manus  captus  2? 
Poenis,  de  captivis  commutandis^  Romam  missus  est.  Is, 
cum  Carthagine^  abiret,  iuravit^  se  eo^  rediturum  nisi  sui 
Gives  condiciones  fecissent^  At  ille  in  senatu  captivos^ 
non  esse  commutandos  declaravit  :  deinde,  cum  propin- 
qui^  et  amici  retinere  conarentur,  ex  urbe  decessit,  quia 
ad  supplicium  redire  maluit  quam  fidem  hosti  datam 
fallere^^^ 

1 .  What  is  the  probable  construction  of  this  phrase  ? 

2.  What  constructions  follow  a  or  ab  ? 

3.  commuto,  cf.  English  commute  ^^  exchange, 

4.  Probable  construction  ? 

5.  What  kind  of  a  clause  may  now  be  expected  ? 

6.  eo  =  in  eum  lociun. 

7.  What  is  the  force  of  this  tense  ?     (See  IV,  12.) 


INTRODUCTION,  17 

8.  What   are  the   possible  constructions?     (See  IV,   i6, 
4,  b:) 

g.  propinqui  ==  cognati,  sangiiine  coniuncti 

I  o .  f allere  =  violare. 

1 1 .  Translate. 

III. 
Criidelitate  virgo  sp5nsum  suum  amittit. 

Galli,  qui  audaciam  maximi^  aestimabant^,  ferarum  cer- 
taminibus^  multum  delectabantur.  Aliquando  rex  cum 
magna  catefva^  nobilium  mulierumque  clararum  ludos* 
sollemnes  aspiciebat.  Quaedam  ex  his,  quae  sponsi^  for- 
titudinem  temptare  voluit,  aureum  torquem^  deiecit  in^ 
mediam  harenam,  qua  leo  ingens  cum  duobus  tigribus 
certamen  acerrimum  agebat.  "Tu  quidemV  inquit,  **si 
quid  in  te  residet  amoris  erga  me,  torquem  mihi^^  e  feris 
eripe."  Statim  iuvenis  his  verbis  accensus  in  harenam 
se  praecipitavit ;  saltu^^  alacri  torquem  rapuit ;  tiitus  cum 
praemio  rediit.  Tum  ille,  dum^^  omnes  factum  plaudunt, 
cum  risu  ad  pedes  virginis  crudelis  torquem  proiecit. 
"  Tu  quidem,"  inquit,  "  meam  vitam  minimi^^  habuisti ; 
ego  tuum  am5rem^^"^^ 

1 .  What  are  the  possible  cases  and  constructions  ? 

2.  What  does  this  word  show  as  to  the  construction  of 
maxim i?     (See  IV,  i6,  2,  c) 

3.  Possible  constructions  ? 

4.  caterva  =  multitudine. 

5.  Probable  construction.'* 

6.  Translate  0/  her  lover, 

7.  Translate  necklace, 

8.  What  case  will  follow  t 


18  EASV  LATIN  FOR   SIGHT  READING, 

9.    What  is  the  force  of  this  word?     (See  III,  C,  /.) 

10.  What  kind  of  a  dative  may  this  be  ?     (See  IV,  16,  3,  <^.) 

11.  saltu,  with  a  leap. 

12.  What  are  the  meanings  of  this  word,  and  what  construc- 
tions may  follow  it  ? 

13.  Compare  maxim i  above. 

14.  Sc.  minimi  habeo.     habeo  in  this  idiom  equals  aestimo 
in  sense. 

15.  Translate  the  whole. 


IV.  • 

Hannibalis  duels  astutia. 

Hannibal,  dux^  classis  Punicae,  e  navi  quae  iam  capie- 
batur,  in  scapham^  saltu  se  demittens^  Romanorum  manus 
effugit.  Veritus"*  autem  ne  in  patria  classis^  amissae  poe- 
nas  daret,  civium  odium  astutia  avertit  ;  nam  ex  ilia  infe- 

lici  pugna,  priusquam^  cladis  nuntius  domum'' ^,  quen- 

dam  ex  amicis  Carthaginem  misit.  Qui  postquam^  curiam 
intravit,  "Consulit,"  inquit,  "vos^^  Hannibal,  cum  dux 
Romanorum  magnis  copiis  maritimis  instructis  advenerit, 
num^^  cum  eo  confligere  debeat."  Acclamavit  universus 
senatus  non  esse  dubium^^  quin^^  confligi  oporteret^'*. 
Turn  ille  "Conflixit,'^  inquit,  "et  superatus  est."  Ita  non 
potuerunt  factum^^  damnare  quod  ipsi  fieri  debuisse  iudi- 
caverant.^^ 

1.  What  force  may  the  appositive  have?     (See  IV,  2.) 

2.  Will  the  verb  in  this  sentence  be  one  denoting  rest  or 
motion  ? 

3.  What  is  the  force  of  the  prefix  de-  ? 

4.  What  construction  will  follow  ? 


INTRODUCTION.  19 

5.  What  variety  of  genitive  may  this  word  be  ? 

6.  What  moods  follow  this  word  ? 

7.  What  construction  ? 

8.  Supply  a  suitable  verb  in  the  proper  mood  and  tense. 

9.  Account  for  the  position  of  qui.     (See  III,  C,  d,  and/.) 
I  o.  consulit  vos  =  asks  your  advice, 

1 1 .  num  =  whether.  What  construction  will  follow  ?  Name 
the  different  kinds  of  substantive  clauses.     (See  IV,  3.) 

12.  What  construction  will  follow?     (See  IV,  11.) 

13.  Name  the  meanings  and  uses  of  quin.     (See  IV,  7.) 

14.  confligi  oporteret  ^  pugnandum  esset. 

15.  What  part  of  speech  ? 

16.  Translate. 

V. 
Mors  Servi  TuUi,  Romanorum  regis  sexti. 

Qua  re  audita^  Servius^  dum^  ad*  curiam  contendit, 
iussu^  Tarquini  per  gradus  delectus^  et  domum'^  refugiens 
interfectus  est.  Tullia*  carpent5^  vecta  in^^  Forum  pro- 
peravit  et  coniugem^^  e^^  curia  evocatum^^  prima  regem 

^* ;  cuius  iussu  cum^^  e  turba  ac  tumultu  decessisset^® 

domumque  rediret,  viso  patris  corpore^''  mulionem^^  cunc- 
tantem  et  frena  inhibentem  super  ipsum  corpus^^  carpen- 

tum  agere '^.      Unde^^  vicus^  ille  sceleratus  dictus 

est.     Servius  Tullius  regnavit  annos^^  quattuor  et  quadra- 
ginta^. 

1.  Why  is  this  phrase  placed  first?     (See  III,  C,  ^.) 

2.  What  is  the  construction  of  Servius  ? 

3.  Meanings  and  following  constructions? 

4.  What  are  the  meanings  of  ad,  and  what  kind  of  a  verb 
will  the  sentence  contain  ? 


20  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 

5.  Construction  ? 

6.  per  gradus  delectus  =  was  thrown  down  the  steps, 

'  7.    Case  and  probable  construction?     (See  IV,  16,4,  a.) 

8.  Tullia  filia  regis  erat. 

9.  Translate  carriage^  abl.  of  means. 

10.  What  cases  follow  in,  and  what  are  its  most  usual 
meanings  ? 

1 1 .  Case  and  probable  construction  ? 

12.  What  case  will  follow? 

13.  What  is  the  force  of  the  prefix  e-? 

14.  What  verb  can  you  suggest  to  govern  regem  and 
coniugem  and  complete  the  sentence  ? 

15.  To  whom  does  cuius  iussu  refer,  and  why  does  it  pre- 
cede cum?     (See  III,  C,  ^.) 

16.  Construction? 

1 7.  Construction  ? 

18*.  Translate  the  driver. 

19.  Translate  right  over  the  very  body, 

20.  Supply  a  suitable  verb. 

21 .  unde  =  qua  ex  causa. 

22.  vicus  =  pars  urbis. 

23.  Probable  construction  ? 

24.  Translate. 

COMMON  LATIN  IDIOMS. 

The  following  idioms  occur  so  frequently  that  it  will  be 
of  much  subsequent  advantage  and  a  great  saving  of 
time  for  the  student  to  memorize  them  thoroughly  early 
in  his  course. 

ad  iinum,  to  a  man. 

aequo  animo,  contentedly^  resignedly^  patiently. 

aere  alieno  premi,  to  be  heavily  in  debt. 


INTRODUCTION.  21 

agere  gratias,  to  thank, 

alius  aliam  in  partem,  one  in  one  direction^  another  in 
another. 

amico  aliquo  uti,  to  be  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  some  one. 
animo  tenus  commoveri,  to  be  moved  to  the  heart. 
anmim  quartum  agens,  in  his  fourth  year. 
annos  quattuor  natus,  at  the  age  of  four. 
ante  annos,  before  the  legal  age. 
apud  regem,  at  the  court  of  the  king. 

bellum  inferre,  to  make  war  upon. 

bene  hdihet,  it  is  well. 

bono  animo  esse,  to  be  well  disposed. 

bonum  animmn  habere,  to  be  of  good  courage. 

capitis  damnatus,  convicted  of  a  capital  crime ^  sentenced  to 
death. 

causam  dicere  or  agere,  to  state  a  case,  to  plead  a  case. 

certior  fieri,  to  be  informed. 

certiorem  facer e,  to  inform. 

consilia  inire,  to  make  plans. 

consulere  alicui,  to  look  out  for  the  interest  of  some  one. 

consulere  aliquem,  to  consult  some  one,  to  ask  advice  of 
some  one. 

dare  operam,  to  see  to,  give  attention  to,  take  pains. 
diem  dicere  or  edicere,  to  appoint  a  tifne,  name  a  day. 
dum  haec  genmtur,  while  this  was  going  on. 

eo  magis,  all  the  more. 

extrema  hieme,  at  the  end  of  winter. 

ex  re  publica,  to  the  best  interests  of  the  state. 

gerere  magistratum,  to  hold  an  office. 

gratias  agere,  to  thank. 

gratiam  habere,  to  be  grateful. 

gratiam  or  gratias  referre,  to  return  a  favor. 


22  EASY  LATIN  FOR  SIGHT  READING. 

gratum  facere,  to  do  a  favor, 

idem  qui,  the  same  as. 

idem  sentire,  to  have  the  same  opinion, 

in  dies,  every  day^  daily. 

in  dubium  vocari,  to  be  called  in  question. 

in  fugam  dare,  to  put  to  flight, 

in  gratiam  redire,  to  be  reconciled. 

in  matrimonium  ducere,  to  marry. 

in  perpetuum,  forever. 

inter  cenam,  at  table. 

ius  dicere,  to  pronounce  judgment. 

longum  est,  it  would  take  long^  it  would  be  tedious. 

mandare  litteris,  to  commit  to  writing. 
memoria  tenere,  to  remember. 
moleste  ferre,  to  take  it  ill^  to  be  grieved. 
multum  valere,  to  be  very  influential. 

navem  conscendere,  to  embark. 

novae  res,  a  revolution. 

novus  homo,  an  upstart^  a  parvenu^  a  self  made  man. 

orationem  habere,  to  make  a  speech. 
operam  dare,  to  see  to.,  to  take  pains. 
opus  est,  it  is  necessary. 

placuit  senatui,  the  senate  decided. 

plurimum  posse,  to  be  most  powerful,  to  be  most  influential. 

prae  se  ferens,  showing,  exhibiting. 

praeclare  se  habere,  to  be  admirable. 

pro  amico  habere,  to  regard  as  a  friend. 

pro  contione,  before  the  assembly,  or  in  an  address. 

quae  cum  ita  sint,  since  this  is  true,  under  these  circum- 
stances, this  being  the  case. 

quam  primum,  as  soon  as  possible. 


INTRODUCTION.  23 

rationem  reddere,  to  render  an  account^  to  give  an  explana- 
tion, 

res  gestae,  exploits,  deeds, 

salutem  dicere,  to  salute,  to  greet. 

satis  constat,  //  is  well  established. 

se  conferre,  betake  oneself,  go. 

se  gerere,  conduct  oneself,  act. 

sententia  stat,  it  is  resolved,  they  resolve. 

stipendium  merere,  to  perform  military  service, 

terga  vertere,  to  retreat. 

unus  atque  alter,  one  or  two. 

venlam  dare,  to  pardon. 

ventum  est,  he  or  she  came,  he  or  she  has  come^  they  came, 
they  have  come. 

vereor  ne,  /  fear  that. 
vereor  ut,  /  fear  that  not. 
vitam  agere,  to  live. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


ace,  accusative. 

act.,  active. 

abl.,  ablative. 

adj.,  adjective. 

adv.,  adverb. 

ant.,  antonym,  a  word  of  opposite 

meaning, 
cf.,  confer^  compare, 
dat.,  dative. 

e.g.,  exempli  gratia^  for  instance. 
Eng.,  English, 
gen.,  genitive. 
i.e.,  id  est,  that  is. 


ind.  disc,  indirect  discourse. 

lit,  literally. 

n.,  number  or  note. 

nom.,  nominative. 

obj.,  object. 

or.,  simplified  order. 

par.,  paraphrase. 

pred.,  predicate. 

sc,  scilicet,  supply. 

subj.,  subjunctive,  or  subject. 

syn.,  synonym. 

v.,  vide,  see. 

voc,  vocative. 


N.  B.  A  superior  figure  placed  after  a  word  refers  to  that  word 
alone. 

A  superior  figure  placed  before  a  word  refers  to  two  or  more  of 
the  following  words. 


PERSEUS   AND  THE    HEAD  OF   MEDUSA. 


FABULAE  FACILES. 


PERSEUS. 

Acrisius,  an  ancient  king  of  Argos^  had  been  warned  by  an  oracle  that 
he  would  perish  by  the  hand  of  his  grandson.  On  discovering^  therefore^ 
that  his  daughter  Danae  had  given  birth  to  a  son^  Acrisius  endeavored  to 
escape  his  fate  by  casting  both  mother  and  child  adrift  on  the  sea.  They 
were  saved,  however,  by  the  help  of  Jupiter  ;  and  Perseus,  the  child,  grew  up 
at  the  court  of  Polydectes,  king  of  SerJphos,  an  island  in  the  Aegean  Sea. 
On  reaching  manhood,  Perseus  was  sent  by  Polydectes  to  fetch  the  head  of 
Medusa,  one  of  the  Gorgons.  This  dangerous  task  he  accomplished  with 
the  help  of  Apollo  and  Minerva,  and  on  his  way  home  he  rescued  Androm- 
eda {daughter  of  Cepheus)  from  a  sea  monster.  Perseus  then  married 
Andromeda,  aud  lived  some  time  in  the  country  of  Cepheus.  At  length, 
however,  he  returned  to  Seriphos,  and  turned  Polydectes  to  stone  by  showing 
him  the  Gorgon's  head;  he  then  went  to  the  court  of  Acrisius,  who  fled  in 
terror  at  the  news  of  his  grandson's  return.  The  oracle  was  duly  fulfilled^ 
for  Acrisius  was  accidentally  killed  by  a  quoit  thrown  by  Perseus. 

1.     Perseus  infans  cum  matre  in  area  inclusus  est. 

Haec  narrantur  a  poetis  de  Perseo.  Perseus  filius  erat 
lovis,  maximi  deorum  :  avus  eius  Acrisius  appellatus  est. 
Acrisius  volebat  Perseum  nepotem  suum  necare^  ;  nam 
propter  oraculum  puerum  timebat.  Comprehendit^  igitur 
Perseum,  adhuc  infantem,  et  cum  matre  ^in  area  lignea 
inclusit.     Tum  arcam  ipsam  in  mare  coniecit.     Danae, 

I.  occtderCy  interficere.  2.  cepit^  corripuiU 

3.  in  a  wooden  box. 


26  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

Persei  mater,  magnopere^  territa  est  :  tempestas  enim 
magna  mare  turbabat.  Perseus  autem  in  sinu^  matris 
dormiebatl 

I.  valdiy  vehe7nenter,  2.  gremio.  3.  somnum  capiebat. 


2.     Area  ad  insulam  Seriphum  appulsa,  Perseus  materque 
5  a  rege  benigne  except!  sunt. 

Itippiter  tamen  haec  omnia  vidit  et  filium  suum  servare 
constituit.  Fecit  igitur  mare  tranquillum,  et  arcdm  ad 
insulam  Seriphum  perduxit.  Huius  insulae  Polydectes 
tum   rex  erat.       Postquam   area    ad    litus^  appulsa   est, 

10  Danae  ^in  harena  quietem  capiebat.  Post  breve  tempus 
a  piscatore'^  quodam  reperta  est*,  et  ad  domum  regis 
Polydectis  adducta  est.  lUe  matrem  et  puerum  benigne 
excepit,  et  sedem^  tutam  in  finibus  suis  dedit.  At  Danae 
hoc  donum  libenter  accepit,  et  pro  tanto  beneficio  regi 

15  %ratias  egit. 

1.  lltus  est  terra  adiacens  mart.  4.  inventa  est^  deprehensa  est. 

2.  Par.  /;/  lit  ore  dormiebat.  5.  domum. 

3.  Jisherman.  6.  See  idioms. 

3.     Hex  dimisit  Ferseum. 

Perseus  igitur^  multos  annos  ibi  habitabat,  et  cum  matre 

sua  Vitam  agebat  beatam^     At  Polydectes  Danaen  ma- 

gnopere  amabat,  atque  eam  *in  matrimonium  ducere  vole- 

20  bat.     Hoc  tamen  cdnsilium  Perse5  minime  gratum^  erat. 

1.  itaque.  3-  filtcem,  laetam. 

2.  See  idioms.  4-  See  idioms. 

5.  acceptumy  iitcundum,  placitum. 


PERSEUS.  27 

Polydectes  igitur  Perseum  dimittere  constituit.  Turn 
iuvenem  ad  se  vocavit  et  haec^  dixit :  "  Turpe^  est  vitam 
banc  ignavam^  agere ;  ^iamdudum  tu  adulescens  es. 
Quousque^  hie  manebis  ?  Tempus  est  arma  capere  et 
virtutem  praestare^.  Hinc  abi  et  caput  Medusae  mihi 
refer." 

1 .  as  follows.  4.    You  have  already  for  some 

2.  Ant.  honestumy  pulchrum,  time  been  a  man. 
decon  m.  -  5.  ad  quod  tempus. 

3.  y^ffiusam^    lentam.        Ant.  6.  ostendere,     exhibere^     pro- 
strenuam,  for  tern.  bare. 


4.     Perseus  profectus  tandem  Medusam  invenit. 

Perseus,  ubi  haec  audivit,  ex  insula  discessit,  et  post- 
quam  ad  continentem  venit,  Medusam  quaesivit.  Diu  -»-f 
friistra  quaerebat ;  nam  que  naturam  loci  ignorabat.  Tan-  10 
dem^ApoUo  et  Minerva  viam  demonstraverunt.  Primum 
ad  Graias,  sorores  Medusae,  pervenit.  Ab  his  Halaria  et 
galeam  magicam  accepit.  Apollo  autem  et  Minerva  %1- 
cem  et  speculum  dederunt.  Tum  postquam  talaria  pedi- 
bus  induif^,  in  aera^  ascendit.  Diu  per  aera  volabat :  15 
tandem  tamen  ad  eum  locum  venit  ubi  Medusa  cum 
ceteris^  Gorgonibus  habitabat.  Gorgones  autem  mon- 
stra  erant  specie^  horribili:  capita  enim  earum  squamis'^ 
omnino  contecta^  sunt:   manus  etiam  ex  aere^factae  sunt. 

1.  sandals  and  a  magic  helmet.  5.  reliquis^  aliis. 

2.  a  curved  dagger  and  a  mir-  6.  aspectu. 
ror.  7.  scales. 

3.  induxity  silmpsit.  8.  tecta,  operta,  vestita. 

4.  ace.  case  of  der^  cf.  Eng.air.  9.  abl.  of  aes  =  brass. 


f; 


28  FABULAE  FACILES. 

5.     Caput  Gorgonis. 

Res  erat  difficillima  abscidere  caput  Gorgonis  ;  eius 
enim  conspectu  homines  in  saxum^  vertebantur.  Propter 
banc  causam  Minerva  speculum  e!  dederat.     Perseus  igi- 

5  tur  tergum^  vertit,  et  in  speculum  inspiciebat :  hoc  modo 
ad  locum  venit  ubi  Medusa  dormiebat.  Tum  falce  sua 
caput  eius  uno  ictu  abscidit.  Ceterae  Gorgones  statim  e 
somno  excitatae  sunt,  et,  ubi  rem  viderunt,  ira  commotae 
sunt.     Arma  rapuerunt,  et  Perseum  occidere^  volebant ; 

10  ille  autem,  dum  fugit,  galeam  magicam  induit,  et,  ubi  hoc 
fecit,  statim  e  conspectu  earum  evasit*. 

1.  lapidem.  3.  inter ficere. 

2.  Ant.  faciem^  voltutn.  4.  exiit^  aufugit,  evoldvit. 

6.     Perseus  in  fines  Aethiopum  venit. 

Post  haec  Perseus  in  fines  Aethiopum  venit :  ibi 
Cepheus  quidam  illo  tempore  regnabat.     Hie  Neptunum, 

15  maris  deum,  olim^  offenderat :  Neptunus  autem  monstrum 
saevissimum^  miserat.  Hoc  cottidie  e  mari  veniebat  et 
homines  devorabat.  Ob  banc  causam  pavor^  animos 
omnium  occupaverat.  Cepheus  igitur  oraculum  dei 
Ammonis  c5nsuluit  atque  a  deo  iussus  est  filiam  mon- 

20  str5  tradere.  (Eius  autem  filia,  n5mine  Andromeda, 
virg5  formosissima*  erat.)  Cepheus,  ubi  haec  audivit, 
magnum  dolorem^  percepit.  Volebat  tamen  cives  suos  e 
tanto  periculo  extrahere ;  atque  ob  eam  causam  constituit 
imperata^  Amm5nis  facere. 

1.  aliquandd,  quondam.  4.  pulcherrima. 

2.  crudelissimuniy  immdnissimum.  5.  maerorem,  luctum. 

3.  tint  or.  6.  iussa. 


PERSEUS.  29 

7.     Monstnim  et  Andromeda. 

Turn  rex  Miem  certam  dixit  et  omnia  paravit  Ubi  ea 
dies  venit,  Andromeda  ad  litus  deducta  est  et  in  con- 
spectu  omnium  ad  rupem  adligata^  (est).  Omnes  fatum 
eius  deplorabant  nee  lacrimas  tenebant.  At  subito,  dum  5 
monstrum  exspectant,  Perseus  accurrit ;  et,  ubi  lacrimas 
vidit,  causam  doloris  quaerit.  Illi  rem  totam  exp5nunt^ 
et  puellam  demonstrant.  ^Dum  haec  geruntur,  fremitus* 
terribilis  auditur ;  simul  monstrum  horribili  specie  pro- 
cul  conspicitur^.  Eius  conspectus  timorem  maximum  lo 
omnibus  iniecit''.  At  monstrum  magna  celeritate  ad  litus 
contendit^,  iamque  ad  locum  appropinquabat^  ubi  puella 
stabat.  '       * 

1.  See  idioms.  6.  videtur. 

2.  vincta,  constricta,  7.  immisit. 

3.  ndrrant.  8.  mdturdvit^  proper dvit. 

4.  See  idioms.  9.  accedebat. 

5.  strepitus,  sonitus. 

8.     Servat  Andromedam  Perseus. 

At  Perseus,  ubi  haec  vidit,  gladium^  suum  rapuit^;  et,  15 
postquam  talaria  induit,  in  aera  sublatus  est^  Tum  desu- 
per^  in  monstrum  impetum  subito*  fecit,  et  gladio  suo 
collum  eius  graviter  volneravit.  Monstrum,  ubi  sen  sit 
volnus,  fremitum  horribilem  edidit^  et  sine  mora  totum 
corpus  sub  aquam  immersit.  Perseus,  dum  circum  litus  20 
volat,  reditum  eius  exspectabat  ;    mare    autem   interea^ 

1.  ferrum^  ensem.  4.  e  loco  superior e. 

2.  cepit.  5-  repente^  celeriter. 

3.  From  tolld ;  se  erexit^  sur-  6.  emisit. 
rexit.                                                            7'  interim. 


30  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

undique^  sanguine  inficiturl  Post  breve  tempus,  belua" 
rursus*  caput  sustulit'^ ;  mox^  tamen  a  Perseo  ictu  gravi- 
ore  volnerata  est.  Turn  iterum  se  sub  '^undas  mersit 
neque  postea  visa  est. 

1.  ex  omnt  parte.  5.  From  tollo,  syn.  erexit. 

2.  tingituvy  imbuitur.  6.  post     breve    tempus ,    sine 

3.  monstrum.  mora. 

4.  iterum.  7.  aquas. 


5  9.     Rex  Perseo  Andromedam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

Perseus,  postquam  in  litus  descendit,  primum  talaria 
exuit^ ;  turn  ad  rupem  venit  ubi  Andromeda  vincta^  erat. 
Ea  autem  omnem  spem  salutis  deposuerat^,  et,  ubi  Per- 
seus adiit,  terr5re  paene  exanimata*  est.      Ille  vincula 

10  statim^  solvit,  et  puellam  patri  reddidit.  Cepheus  ob 
hanc  rem  maximo  gaudid  affectus  est :  meritas  ^gratias 
pro  tanto  beneficio  Perse5  rettulit ;  praeterea  Androme- 
dam ipsam  ei  in  matrimonium  dedit.  Ille  libenter^  hoc 
donum  accepit,  et  puellam  uxorem  duxit.     Paucos  annos 

1 5  cum  uxore  sua  in  ea  regione  habitabat,  et  in  magno  honore 
erat  apud  omnes  Aethiopes.  Magnopere  tamen  cupiebat^ 
matrem  suam  rursus  videre.  Tandem^  igitur  cum  uxore 
e  regno  Cephei  discessit^^. 

1.  Ant.  induit.  6.  See  idioms. 

2.  adligdtay  constricta.  7.  alacriter. 

3.  abieceratj  dimtserat.  8.  volebat. 

4.  mortua.  9.  deniqite,  ad  extremum. 

5.  cdnfestim<t  sine  mora.  10.  abiity  profectus  est. 


PERSEUS.  31 


10.     Polydectes  in  saxum  versus  est. 

Postquam  Perseus  ad  insulam  navem  appulit,  'se  ad 
locum  contulit  ubi  mater  olim^  habitaverat ;  at  domum 
invenit  vacuam  et  omnm5^  desertam.  Tres  dies  per 
totam  insulam  matrem  quaerebat ;  tanaeW  quarto  die  5 
ad  templum  Dianae  pervenit.  Hue  Danae  refugerat, 
quod  Polydectem  timebat^  Perseus,  ubi  haec  cognovit^, 
ira  magna  commotus  est ;  ad  regiam  Polydectis  sine 
mora  contendit,  et,  ubi  eo''  venit,  statim  in  atrium  inrupit^ 
Polydectes  magno  timore^  affectus  est  et  fugere  volebat.  ^° 
^^uiii  tamen  ille  fugit,  Perseus  caput  Medusae  monstra- 
vit^^ ;  ille  autem,  "simul  atque  hoc  vidit,  in  saxum  versus 


est. 


1.  See  idioms.  6.  intellexit,  audtvit. 

2.  cf.  p.  28,  1.  15.  7.  in  eum  locum. 

3.  plane,  funditus.  8.  invasit,  inruit. 

4.  demuniy  denique.  9.  pavore. 

5.  metuebat.  10.  ostendit. 

II.  ubi  prtmum. 


11.    Perseus  ad  urbem  Acrisi  rediit,  et  occidit  avum  suum 

ut  f atis  decretum  erat.         ^  1 5 

Post  haec  Perseus  cum  uxore^  sua  ad  urbem  Acrisi 
rediit^  Ille  autem,  ubi  Perseum  vidit,  .magno  terrore 
affectus  est;  nam  propter  oraculumlistud  nepotem  suum 
"  adnuc  timebat.  In  THessaliam  igitur  ad  urbem  Larissam 
statim  refugit :  frustra  tamen ;  n5n  enim  fatum  suum  20 
vitavit^.  Post  paucos  annos  rex  Larissae  ludos  magnos 
fecit  ;  nuntios  in  omnes  partes  dimiserat,  et  Miem  edixe- 

I.  coniuge.  2.  revertit.  3.  effugit.  *  See  idioms. 


i 


*>' 


K^- 


32  FABULAE   FA  GILES. 

rat.  Multi  ex  omnibus  urbibus  Graeciae  ad  ludos  conve- 
nerunt :  ipse  Perseus  inter  ali5s  certamen^  discorum^  iniit. 
At,  dum  discum  conicit,  avum  suum  casu  occidit ;  Acri- 
sius  enim  inter  spectatores  eius  certaminis  forte  stabat. 

I.  contentionem.  2.  of  the  discus  or  quoits. 


II. 
HERCULES. 


5 


Hercules^  a  Greek  hero  celebrated  for  his  great  strength^  was  pursued 
throughout  his  life  by  the  hatred  of  Juno.  While  yet  an  infant^  he  strangled 
some  serpents  sent  by  the  goddess  to  destroy  him.  During  his  boyhood  and 
youth  he  performed  various  marvelous  feats  of  strength  ;  and,  on  reaching 
manhood,  succeeded  in  delivering  the  Thebans  from  the  oppression  of  the 
Minyae.  In  a  fit  of  madness,  sent  upon  him  by  Juno,  he  slew  his  own 
children,  and,  on  consulting  the  Delphic  oracle  as  to  how  he  should  cleanse 
himself  from  this  crime,  he  was  ordered  to  submit  himself  for  twelve  years 
to  Eurystheus,  king  of  Tiryns,  and  to  perform  whatever  tasks  were  appointed 
him.  Hercules  obeyed  the  oracle,  and  during  the  twelve  years  of  his  ser- 
vitude accomplished  twelve  extraordinary  feats  known  as  the  Labors  of 
Hercules.  His  death  was  caused,  unintentiojtally,  by  his  wife  Deianira. 
Hercules  had  shot  with  his  poisoned  arrows  a  Gentaur  named  Nessus,  who 
had  insulted  Deianira.  Nessus,  before  he  died,  gave  some  of  his  blood  to 
Deianira,  and  told  her  it  would  act  as  a  charm  to  secure  her  husband'' s  love. 
Some  time  after,  Deianira,  wishing  to  try  the  charm,  soaked  one  of  her  hus- 
band's garments  in  the  blood,  not  knowing  that  it  was  poisoned.  Hercules 
put  on  the  robe,  and,  after  suj^ering  terrible  tormejtts,  died,  or  was  carried 
off  by  his  father  Jupiter. 

12.     Hercules  infans. 

Hercules,  Alcmenae  filius,  5lim  in  Graecia  habitabat. 
Hie  dicitur  omnium  hominum  validissimus  fuisse.  At 
luno,  regina   deorum,   Alcmenam    oderat^  et    Herculem 

I.  Ant.  amdbat. 


HERCULES. 


HERCULES.  33 

adhuc  infantem  necare^  voluit.  Misit  igitur  duo  ser- 
pentes  saevissimos  :  hi,  media  nocte,  in  cubiculum^  Alc- 
menae  venerunt  ubi  Hercules  cum  fratre  suo  dormiebat. 
Non  tamen  in  cunis^,  sed  in  scuto'*  magno  cubabant^. 
Serpentes  iam  appropinquaverant^  et  scutum  movebant ;  5 
itaque  pueri  e  somno  excitati  sunt. 

1.  cf.  p.  25,  1.  4.  3.  cradle.  5.  iacebant. 

2.  room.  4.  shield.  6.  accesserant. 


13.     Hercules  et  serpentes. 

Iphicles,  frater  Herculis,  magna  voce  exclamavit ;  at 
Hercules  ipse,  puer  fortissimus\  haudquaquam^  territus 
est.  Parvis  manibus  serpentes  statim  prehendit^,  et  colla  10 
eorum  magna  vi  compressit.  Tali  modo  serpentes  a 
puero  interfecti*  sunt.  Alcmena  autem,  mater  puerorum, 
clamorem  audiverat,  et  maritum^  suum  e  somno  excitave- 
rat.  Ille  lumen  accendit,  et  gladium  suum  rapuit^;  tum  ad 
pueros  properabat'',  sed,  ubi  ad  locum  venit,  rem  miram  15 
vidit :  Hercules  enim  ridebat  et  serpentes  mortu5s  mon- 
strabat^. 

1.  Ant.  tgndvissimus.  ^  5.  coniugefti^  virutn. 

2.  minime  omuium,  omnino  non.  6.  prekendit,  cepit. 

3.  cepit ^  rapuit.  7.  mdtiirdbat^  contendebat. 

4.  necdtt.  8.  ostendebat^  exhibuit, 

14.     Hercules  musicam  discit. 

Hercules  a  puero  corpus  suum  diligenter  exercebat: 
magnam  partem  diei  in  palaestra^  consumebat:  didicit^  20 

\.  gymnasium.  2.  Perfect  of  ^/Vr J. 


34  FABULAE  FACILES. 

etiam  arcum  intendere  et  tela  conicere^  His  exercita- 
tionibus  vires^  eius  confirmatae  sunt.  In  mtisica  etiam 
a  Lino  Centauro  erudiebatur^ :  (Centauri  autem  equ! 
erant,  sed  caput  hominis   habebant)  ;    huic   tamen   arti 

5  minus  diligenter  studebat.  Hie  Linus  Herculem  5lim 
culpabat*,  quod  parum^  studiosus  erat ;  tum  puer  iratus 
citharam^  subito  rapuit,  et  summis  viribus  caput  magistri 
infelicis''  percussit^.  Hie  ictu  prostratus  est,  et  ^paulo 
post  ^^e  vita  excessit,  neque  quisquam  postea  id  officium 

10  suscipere  voluit. 

1.  iacere^  impeller e.  6.  lyram. 

2.  powers.  7.  miseri. 

3.  docebdtur,  inform dbdtur.  8.  valde  verberdvit. 

4.  vituperdbat.  9.  soon  after. 

5.  Ant.  nimis.  10.  mortuus  est. 

15.     Hercules  vincula  et  mortem  effugit. 

De  Hercule  haec  etiam  inter  alia  narrantur.  Olim, 
dum  iter  facit,  in  fines  Aegyptiorum  venit ;  ibi  rex  qui- 
dam,  nomine  Busiris,  illo  tempore  regnabat  ;  hie  autem, 

.15  vir  crudelissimus,  homines  Hmmolare  consueverat  :  Her- 
culem igitur  corripuit  et  in  vincula  coniecit.  Tum  nun- 
tios  dimisit  et  Miem  sacrificio  edixit.  Mox  ea  dies  appe- 
tivit^  et  omnia  rite'*  parata  sunt.  Manus  Herculis  catenis^ 
ferreis  vinctae^  sunt  et  ''mola  salsa  in  caput  eius  inspersa 

20  est.     (Mos  enim  erat  apud  antiques  salem  et  far^  capiti- 

1.  sacrificdre  solebat.  5.  vinculTs. 

2.  See  idioms.  6.  adligdtae. 

3.  adfuit.  7.  salted  meal. 

4.  bene^  recte^  ex  more.  8.  molam. 


HERCULES.  35 

bus  victimarum  imponere.)  lam  victima  ad  aram^  stabat ; 
iam  sacerdos  cultrum  sumpserat^.  Subito  tamen  Hercules 
magno  conatu  vincula  perrupit^  :  turn  ictu  sacerdotem 
prostravit ;  altero'*  regem  ipsum  occidit. 

1.  altdria.  3.  cf.  Eng.  rupture, 

2.  ceperat,  prehenderat.  4.  abl.  of  means,  sc.  tctii. 

16.     Hercules  legatis  Minyanim  iniuriam  facit.  5 

Hercules,  iam  adulescens,  urbem  Thebas  incolebat. 
Rex  Thebarum,  vir  ignavus\  Creon  appellatus  est. 
Minyae,  gens  bellicosissima,  Thebanis  finitimi^  erant. 
Legati  autem  a  Minyis  ad  Thebanos  quotannis  mitte- 
bantur:  hi  Thebas  veniebant  et  centum  boves  postula-  10 
bant^.  Thebani  enim  olim  a  Minyis  superati  erant ; 
tributa  igitur  regi  Minyarum  quotannis  pendebant^  At 
Hercules  cives  su5s  hoc  stipendio  liberare  constituit : 
legatos  igitur  comprehendit  atque  aures  eorum  abscidit^. 
Legati  autem  apud  omnes  gentes  sacri  habentur^.  15 

1.  Ant.  fortis.  4.  solvebant,  remittebant. 

2.  proximi,  victnT.  5.  amputdvit,  resecuit. 

3.  poscebant^  fldgitdbant.  6.  iudicantury  exTstimantur. 

17.     Bellum  in  Minyas. 

Erginus,  rex  Minyarum,  ob  haec  vehementer  iratus  est, 
et  cum  omnibus  copiis  in  fines  Thebanorum  contendit^ 
Cre5n  adventum  eius  per  explorat®res  cognovit;  ipse 
tamen  pugnare  noluit,  nam  magno  timore  affectus  est;  20 
Thebani  igitur  Herculem  imperatorem^  creaverunt.  Ille 
nuntios  in  omnes  partes  dimisit  et  copias  coegit^ ;   tum 

I.  mdturdvity  proper dvit,  2.  ducem.  3.  conlegit. 


36  FABULAE  FACILE S. 

proximo  die  cum  magno  exercitu  profectus  est.  Locum 
idoneum^  delegit  et  aciem  instruxit ;  turn  Thebani  e 
superiore  loco  impetum  in  hostes  fecerunt.  Illi  autem 
impetum  sustinere  non  potuerunt;  itaque  acies  hostium 
5    pulsa^  est  atque  in  fugam  conversa. 

I.  upturn f  commodum.  2.  cf.  Eng.  repulse. 

18.     Hercules  demens  liberos  suos  occidit. 

Post  hoc  proelium  Hercules  copias  suas  ad  urbem 
reduxit.  Omnes  Thebani  propter  victoriam  maxime 
gaudebant^     Creon  autem  magnis  honoribus  Herculem 

10  decoravit,  atque  filiam  suam  ei  in  matrimonium  dedit. 
Hercules  cum  uxore  sua  Vitam  beatam  agebat ;  sed  post 
paucos  annos  subito^  in  furorem  incidit  atque  liberos  suos 
ipse  sua  manu  occidit.  Post  breve  tempus  ad  sanitatem 
reductus  est  et  propter  hoc  facinus^  magno  dolore  affectus 

15  est ;  mox  ex  urbe  effugit  et  in  silvas  se  recepit.  Nolebant 
enim  cives  sermonem  cum  eo  habere. 

1.  laetdbantur.  3.  repente. 

2.  See  idioms.  4.  fldgitiuniy  scelus. 

19.     Hercules  ad  oraculum  Delphiciun  it. 

Hercules  magnopere^  cupiebat  tantum  scelus  expiare. 
Constituit  igitur  ad  5raculum  Delphicum  ire  ;  hoc  enim 
20  oraculum  erat  omnium  celeberrimum.  Ibi  templum  erat 
Apollinis,  plurimis  donis  ornatum  ;  hoc  in  templo  sedebat 
femina  quaedam,  nomine  Pythia,  et  consilium  dabat  eis 
qui  ad  oraculum  veniebant.     Haec  autem  femina  ab  ipso 

I.  valdej  vehementer. 


HERCULES.  37 

Apolline  docebatur\  et  voluntatem  dei  hominibus  enunti- 
abat^.  Hercules  igitur,  qui  Apollinem  praecipue  colebat^, 
liQc  venit.  Turn  rem  totam  exposuit  neque  scelus  cela- 
vit^ 

1.  erudiebdtur^  histituebdtur.  3.  venerdbdtur. 

2.  nuntidbat^  dicebat.  4.  reticuit^  texit. 

20.     Kesponsum  oraculL  e 

Ubi  Hercules  finem  fecit,  Pythia  diu  conticebat^ ;  tan- 
dem^ tamen  iussit  eum  ad  urbem  Tiryntha^  ire,  et  Eury- 
sthei  regis  omnia  imperata'*  facere.  Hercules,  ubi  haec 
audivit,  ad  urbem  illam  contendit  et  Eurystheo  regi  se  in 
servitiitem  tradidit.  Duodecim  annos  in  servitute  Eury-  10 
sthei  tenebatur  et  duodecim  labores  quos  ille  imperaverat, 
confecit ;  hoc  enim  uno^  1^9^^  tantum  scelus  expiari 
potuit.  De  his  laboribus  plurima  a  poetis  scripta  sunt. 
Multa  tamen,  quae  poetae  narrant,  vix  credibilia  sunt. 

1.  nihil  dicebat.  3.  Tiryns,  a  city  in  Argolis. 

2.  Par.  post  longam   moraniy  4.  iHssa. 
dent  que,  ad  extremum.  5.  alone, 

21.     Labor  primus :  Hercules  Nemaeum  leonem  occidit.      1 5 

Primum  ab  Eurystheo  iussus  est  Hercules  leonem  occi- 
dere,  qui  ill5  tempore  vallem  Nemaeam  ^reddebat  infes- 
tam.  In  silvas  igitur  quas  leo  incolebat,  statim  se  con- 
tulitl  Mox  feram^  vidit  et  arcum  quem  secum  attulerat*, 
intendit^ :  eius  tamen  pellem^  quae  densissima  erat,  trai-  20 

1.  YdiX.faciebat plenam  pericult.  4.  gesserat. 

2.  From  confero.     See  idioms.  5.  cf.  Eng.  tension. 

3.  animal  saevum.  6.  cf .  Eng.  pelty  peltry. 


38  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

cere^  non  potuit.  Turn  clava^  magna  quam  semper  gere- 
bat,  leonem  percussit^ :  frustra  tamen,  neque  enim  hoc 
modo  eum  occidere  potuit.  Turn  demum*  collum  mon- 
stri  brachiis^  suis  complexus  est,  et  fauces^  eius  summis 

5  viribus  compressit.  Hoc  modo  leo  brevi  tempore  exani- 
matus  est ;  nulla  enim  respirandi  facultas  ei  dabatur. 
Tum  Hercules  cadaver  ad  oppidum  in  umeris  rettulit ; 
et  pellem,  quam  detraxerat,  postea  pro  veste  gerebat. 
Omnes  autem  qui  eam  regionem  incolebant  ubi  famam 

10  de  morte  leonis  acceperunt"^,  vehementer  gaudebant^  et 
Herculem  magno  honore  habebant. 

1.  trdnsftgere.  5.  arms. 

2.  club.  6.  jaws. 

3.  cf.  p.  34,  1.  8.  7.  audwermtt. 

4.  tandem.  8.  cf.  p.  36,  1.  9. 

22.     Labor  secundus :  Hercules  Hydrami  Lemaeam  occidit. 

Post  haec  iussus  est  ab   Eurysthe5  Hydram  necare : 
haec  autem  monstrum  erat  cui  novem  erant  capita.    Her- 

15  cules  igitur  cum  amico  lolao  profectus  est  ad  paludem 
Lernaeam  quam  Hydra  incolebat.  Mox^  monstrum  inve- 
nit,  et,  quamquani  res  erat  magni  periculi,  collum  eius 
laeva^  prehendir;  Tum  dextra^  capita  novem  abscidere'*. 
coepit ;  quotiens^  tamen  hoc  fecerat,  nova  capita  exorie- 

20  bantur^     Diu  frustra  laborabat,  tandem  hoc  CQnatQil£sik- 
tit'' ;  constituit  deinde  arbores  succidere  et  ignem  accen- 
dere.      Hoc   celeriter   fecit,  et,  postquam    ligna   ignem 

1.  The   Hydra    was    a   huge  4.  cf.  p.  35,  1.  14. 
serpent  having  nine  heads.  5.  as  often  as. 

2.  cf.  p.  30,  1.  2.  6.  ndscebantur. 

3.  so.  manic.  7.  abstinuit. 


HERCULES.  39 

comprehenderunt,  ^face  ardente  colla  adussit  unde^  capita 
exoriebantur.  Non  tamen  sine  magno  labore  haec  fecit ; 
venit  enim  auxilio  Hydrae  cancer^  ingens,  qui,  dum  Her- 
cules capita  abscidit,  crura  eius  mordebat^  Postquam 
monstrum  tali  modo  interfecit,  sagittas  suas  sanguine 
eius  imbuit^  itaque  mortiferas  reddidit^. 

1.  with   a    blazing  brand  he  4.  volnerdbaty  laedebat. 
scorched  the  necks.  5.  tinxit,  madefecit. 

2.  ex  quibus.  6.  effecit. 

3.  crab. 


23.     Labor  tertius :  Hercules  cervximi  incredibili  celeritate 

capit. 

Postquam  Eurysthe5  caedes  Hydrae  nuntiata  est,  ma- 
gnus  timor  animum  eius  occupavit.   lussit  igitur  Herculem  10 
cervum  quendam  ad  se  referre,  noluit  enim  virum  tantae 
audaciae    in    urbe    retinere.      Hie  autem   cervus   (cuius 
cornua  aurea  fuisse  traduntur^)  incredibili  fuit  celeritate. 
Hercules  igitur  primum  vestigia^  eius  in  silvis  animad- 
vertit ;  deinde,  ubi  cervum  ipsum  vidit,  summis  viribus  15 
currere  coepit.     Usque  ad  vesperum  currebat  neque  noc- 
turnum  tempus*  sibi  ad  quietem  relinquebat.      Frustra 
tamen,    nullo    enim    modo   ^praedam    consequi   poterat. 
Tandem,  postquam  totum  annum  cucurrerat^  (ita  tradi- 
tur'')  cervum  cursu  exanimatum^  cepit  et  vivum  ad  Eury-  20 
stheum  rettulit. 

1.  stag.  5.  Par.  ad  cervum  pervenire. 

2.  dicuntur.  6.  Pluperf.  of  curro. 

3.  tracks.  '  7.  ndrrdtur. 

4.  oh),  oi  relinquebat.  8.  defessuntt  cdn/ectum. 


40  FABULAE  FA  GILES, 

24.     Labor  quartus :  Hercules  et  aper^  Erymanthius. 

Post  haec  iussus  est  Hercules  aprum  quendam  capere 
qui  illo  tempore  agros  Erymanthios  vastabat,  et  incolas^ 
huius  regionis   magnopere   terrebat.     Hercules  rem   su- 

5  scepit  et  in  Arcadiam  profectus  est.  Postquam  in  silvam 
paulum  progressus  est,  apro  occurrit^ ;  ille  autem,  ^simul 
atque  Herculem  vidit,  statim  refugit,  et,  timore  perterri- 
tus,  in  altam  fossam  se  proiecit.  Hercules  igitur  laque- 
um^  quem  attulerat,   iniecit ;   et  summa  cum  difficultate 

10  aprum  e  fossa  extraxit.  Ille,  etsi  multum  reluctabatur^, 
nullo  mod5  se  liberare  potuit ;  et  '^ab  Hercule  ad  Eury- 
stheum  vivus  relatus  est. 

1.  wild  boar.  6.  cf.  Eng.  reluctant. 

2.  cf.  incolebat^  p.  37,  1.  1 8.  7.  cf.  the  last  sentence  of  the 

3.  obviam  iit.  previous  passage,  of  which  this 

4.  ubi  prtmum.  is  the  passive  form. 


5- 


noose. 


25.     Hercules  ad  regionem  Centaurorum  pervenit. 

De  quarto  labore,  quem  supra  narravimus,  haec  etiam 

15  traduntur^     Hercules,  dum    iter  in  Arcadiam  facit,  ad 

eam  regionem  venit   quam   Centauri  incolebant.      Mox, 

quod  nox  iam  appetebat^,  ad  antrum^  devertit  in  quo  Cen- 

taurus  quidam,  nomine  Pholus,  habitabat. 

Ille  Herculem  benigne  excepit  et  cenam*  paravit.     At 

20  Hercules,  postquam  cenavit^,  vinum  a  Pholo  postulavit. 

Erat  autem  in  antro  magna  amphora^  vino  Optimo  repleta'', 


I.  cf.  p.  39, 1.  19. 

3.  cave. 

5.  cenam  sUmpsit. 

2.  appropinqudbat. 

4.  cibum. 
7.  plena. 

6.  wine  jar. 

HERCULES.  41 

quam  Centauri  ibi  deposuerant.  Pholus  igitur  hoc  vinum 
dare  nolebat,  quod  reliquos  Centauros  timebat^ ;  nullum 
tamen  vinum  praeter  hoc  in  antro  habebat.  "  Hoc 
vinum,"  inquit,  "  mihi  commissum  est^.  Si  igitur  hoc 
dabo,  Centauri  me  interficient."  Hercules  tamen  eum  5 
inrisit^  et  ipse  cyathum^  vini  ex  amphora  hausit. 

1.  metuebat.  3.  derisit.     cf.  Eng.  deride,  ridicule, 

2.  manddtum  est.  4.  poculum. 


26.     Proelium  cum  Centaiiris. 

^Simul  atque  amphora  ^aperta  est,  odor  iucundissimus 
undique  diffusus  est ;    vinum    enim   suavissimum^  erat. 
Centauri  notum*  odorem  senserunt  et  omnes  ad  locum  10 
convenerunt. 

Ubi  ad  antrum  pervenerunt,  magnopere  irati  sunt  quod 
Herculem  bibentem^  viderunt  Tum  arma  rapuerunt  et 
Pholum  interficere  volebant.  Hercules  tamen  in  aditu^ 
antri  constitit  et  impetum  eorum  fortissime  sustinebat.  15 
^Faces  ardentes  in  eos  coniecit,  multos  etiam  sagittis 
suis  volneravit.  Hae  autem  sagittae  eaedem  erant  quae 
sanguine  Hydrae  ^olim  imbutae  erant.  Omnes  igitur 
quos  ille  sagittis  volneraverat,  veneno^  statim  ^^absumpti 
sunt  :  reliqui  autem,  ubi  hoc  viderunt,  "terga  verterunt  20 
et  fuga  salutem  petierunt. 

1.  cf.  p.  40,  1.  6.  6.  ostio,  limine. 

2.  Ant.  clausa  est.  7.  cf.  p.  39,  1.  i. 

3.  dulcissimum.  8.  Par.  quondafn  tinctae  erant. 

4.  Ant.  ignotum.  9.  cf.  Eng.  venom. 

5.  cf.  Eng.  imbibe.  10.  abldti  sunt,  i.e.  necdti  sunt. 

II.  See  idioms. 


42  FABULAE   FA  GILES. 


27.     Mors  Pholi. 


Postquam  reliqui  fugerunt,  Pholus  ex  antrd  egressus^ 
est  et  corpora  spectabat  eorum  qui  sagittis  interfecti 
erant.     Magnopere  autem  miratus  est  quod  tarn  levi^  vol- 

5  nere  exanimati  erant^,  et  causam  eius  rei  quaerebat. 
Adiit  igitur  locum  ubi  cadaver  cuiusdam  Centauri  iace- 
bat,  et  sagittam  e  volnere  traxit.  Haec  tamen,  sive  casu 
sive  consilio  deorum,  e  manibus  eius  lapsa  est  et  pedem 
leviter  volneravit.      Ille  extemplo*  dolorem  gravem  per 

10  omnia  membra  sensit  et  post  breve  tempus  vi  veneni 
exanimatus  est.  Mox  Hercules,  qui  reliquos  Centauros 
secutus  erat,  ad  antrum  rediit  et  magno  cum  dolore  Pho- 
lum  mortuum  vidit.  Multis  cum  lacrimis  corpus  amici 
ad  sepulturam  dedit ;  tum,  postquam  alterum  cyathum^ 

15  vini  hausit,  ^somno  se  dedit. 

1.  cf.  Eng.  egress.  4.  statim. 

2.  parvo.  5.  cf.  p.  41, 1.  6. 

3.  occtsi  erant.  6.  quievit^  dormlvit. 

28.     Labor  quintus :  Hercules  stabulum  Augeae^  purgat. 

Deinde  Eurystheus  Herculi  laborem  hunc  graviorem 
imposuit.  Augeas  quidam,  qui  illo  tempore  regnum  in 
Elide  obtinebat,  tria  milia  boum  habebat.  Hi  in  stabulo 
20  ingentis^  magnitudinis  includebantur  ;  stabulum  autem 
inluvie^  ac  squalore  obsitum*  erat,  neque  enim  ad  hoc 
tempus  umquam  purgatum  erat.  Hoc  iussus  est  Hercu- 
les intra  spatium  unius  diei  purgare.     Ille,  etsi  res  erat 

I.  Augeas,  king  of  Elis.     His  2.  mdximae. 

stables  had  not  been  cleaned  for  3.  filth. 

thirty  years.  4.  squdlidum. 


HERCULES.  43 

multae  operae,  negotium  suscepit.  Primum  magno 
labore  fossam  duodeviginti  pedum  fecit,  per  quam  flumi- 
nis  aquam  de  montibus  ad  murum  stabuli  perduxit.  Turn, 
postquam  murum  perrupit^  aquam  in  stabulum  immisit 
et  tali  modo,  contra  opinionem  omnium,  opus  confecit^.  5 
I.  p  erf  regit.  2.  per  fecit. 

29.     Labor  sextus :  aves  Stymphali. 

Post  paucos  dies  Hercules  ad  oppidum  Stymphalum 
iter  fecit,  imperaverat  enim  ei  Eurystheus  ut  aves  Stym- 
phalides  necaret.  Hae  aves  ^rostra  aenea  habebant  et 
carne^  hominum  vescebantur^  lUe,  postquam  ad  locum  10 
pervenit,  lacum  vidit ;  in  hoc  autem  lacu,  qui  n5n  procul 
erat  ex  oppido,  aves  habitabant.  ^Nulla  tamen  dabatur 
appropinquandi  facultas,  lacus  enim  non  ex  aqua  sed  e 
limo^  constitit ;  Hercules  igitur  neque  pedibus  neque 
lintre^  progredi  potuit.  1 5 

lUe,  cum  magnam  partem  diei  frustra  consumpsisset, 
hoc  conatu  destitit  et  ad  Volcanum''  se  contulit,  ut  auxi- 
lium  ex  e5  peteret.  Volcanus  (qui  ab  fabris^  maxime 
colebatur),  crepundia^  quae  ipse  ex  aere^^  fabricatus  erat, 
Herculi  dedit.  His^^  Hercules  tam  dirum  crepitum^  20 
fecit  ut  aves  perterritae  avolarent ;  ille  autem,  dum  avo- 
lant,  magnum  numerum  eorum  sagittis  transfixit. 

1.  beaks  of  brass.  6.  cymbdy  ndvt. 

2.  From  card,  cf.  Eng.  carnal.  7.  Vulcan,  the  god  of  fire  and 
The   abl.  is   governed   by  vesce-      metal-working. 

bantur.  8.  artificibus. 

3.  edebant.  9.  a  rattle. 

4.  Par.  non  tamen   appropin-  10.  cf.  p.  27,  1.  18. 
qudre  poterat.  1 1 .  Refers  to  crepundia. 

5.  mud,  12.  sonitum,  strepitum. 


44  FABULAE  FA  GILES, 


30.     Labor  septimus :  Hercules  taurum  ex  Creta  refert. 

Turn  imperavit  Herculi  Eurystheus  ut  taurum  quendam 
ferocissimum^  ex  insula  Creta  vivum  ref arret.  Ille  igitur 
^navem  conscendit  et,  cum  ventus  idoneus^  esset,  statim 

5  solvit^  Cum  tamen  insulae  iam  appropinquaret,  tanta 
tempestas  subito  coorta  est  ut  navis  cursum  tenere  non 
posset.  Tantus  autem  timor  animos  nautarum  occupavit 
ut  paene  omnem  spem  salutis  deponerent^  Hercules, 
tamen,  etsi  navigandi  imperitus^  erat,  haudquaquam^  ter- 

lo  ritus  est. 

Post  breve  tempus  summa  tranquillitas  consecuta  est, 
et  nautae,  qui  se  ex  timore  iam  receperant,  navem  inco- 
lumem^  ad  terram  perduxerunt.  Hercules  e  navi  egres- 
sus  est  et,  cum  ad  regem  Cretae  venisset,  causam  veni- 

15  endi  docuit.  Deinde,  postquam  omnia  parata  sunt,  ad 
eam  regionem  contendit  quam  taurus  vastabat.  Mox 
taurum  vidit  et,  quamquam  res  erat  magni  periculi,  cor- 
nua  eius  prehendit^.  Tum,  cum  ingenti  labore  mon- 
strum  ad  navem  traxisset,  cum  praeda  in  Graeciam  rediit. 

1.  saevissimum.  5.  dTmitterent^  abicerent. 

2.  See  idioms.  6.  tgndrus, 

3.  aptus,f  commoduSf  secundus.  7.  nequdquam^     minime    om- 

4.  Lit.  he  loosed f  referring  to  ntum,  non  otnntnd, 
casting    off    the    ropes    before  8.  salvam^  integrant, 
sailing.  9.  manibus  cepit. 


31.     Labor  octavus  :  Hercules  et  equi  Diomedis. 

Postquam  ex  insula  Creta  rediit,   Hercules  ab  Eury- 
stheo  in  Thraciam  missus  est  ut  equos  Diomedis  reduce- 


HERCULES,  45 

ret.  Hi  equi  ^carne  hominum  vescebantur  ;  Diomedes 
autem,  vir  crudelissimus,  els  proiciebat  peregrines^  om- 
nes  qui  in  earn  regionem  venerant.  Hercules  igitur 
magna  celeritate  in  Thraciam  contendit  et  ab  Diomede 
postulavit  ut  equi  sibi  traderentur.  Cum  tamen  ille  hoc  5 
facere  nollet,  Hercules,  ira  commotus,  regem  interfecit  et 
cadaver  eius  equis  pr5ici  iussit. 

Ita  mira  rerum  commutati5  facta  est :  is  enim  qui 
antea  multos  cum  cruciatii^  necaverat,  ipse  eodem  sup- 
plicio  necatus  est.  Cum  haec  nuntiata  essent,  omnes  10 
qui  earn  regionem  incolebant^,  maxima  laetitia  affecti 
sunt  et  Herculi  meritam  ^gratiam  referebant.  Non  modo 
maximis  honoribus  et  praemiis  eum  decoraverunt,  sed 
orabant^  etiam  ut  regnum  ipse  susciperet''.  Ille  tamen 
hoc  facere  n5lebat,  et,  cum  ad  mare  rediisset,  navem  occu-  15 
pavit®.  Ubi  omnia  ad  navigandum  parata  sunt,  equos  in 
navem  collocavit^;  deinde,  ^^cum  idoneam  tempestatem 
nactus  esset,  sine  mora  e  portu  solvit,  et  ^^paulo  post 
equos  in  litus^  Argolicum  exposuit. 

1.  cf.  29,  n.  2.  8.  conscendit, 

2.  Ant.  cvves.  9.  posuit, 

3.  tormentoy  summd  dolore,  10.  Par.   cum  ventus  idoneus 

4.  cf.  p.  37, 1.  18.  esset,  cf.  p.  44,  1.  4. 

5.  See  idioms.  \\.  post  breve  tempus, 

6.  rogdbant,  12.  cf.  2,  n.  i. 

7.  occupdret. 

32.     Labor  nonus:    Hercules  iubetur  balteum^  Hippol3rtes,  20 
Amazonum  reginae,  obtinere. 

Gens  Amazonum  dicitur  omnino  ex  mulieribus  consti- 
tisse^.     Hae  summam  scientiam  rei  militaris  habebant 
I.  cf.  Eng.  belt.  2.  fuisse. 


46  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

et  tantam  virtutem  praebebant^  ut  cum  viris  proelium 
committere  auderent^.  Hippolyte,  Amazonum  regina, 
balteum  habuit  celeberrimum  quem  Mars  ei  dederat. 
Admeta  autem,  Eurysthei  filia,  famam  de  hoc  balteo 
5  acceperat  et  eum  possidere  vehementer  cupiebat.  Eury- 
stheus  igitur  Herculi  mandavit^  ut  *copias  cogeret  et  bel- 
lum  Amazonibus  inferret.  Ille  nuntios  in  omnes  partes 
dimisit  et,  cum  magna  multitude  convenisset,  eos  delegit^ 
qui  maximum  usum  in  re  militari  habebant. 

1.  exhibebant.  3.  imperdvit. 

2.  Not  audtrent.      cf.  auddx,  4.  Par.  mtlites  conligeret, 
auddcia.  5.  cf.  Eng.  delegate. 

10  33.     Hippol3rte  balteum  dare  non  volt. 

His  viris  Hercules  persuasit,  postquam  causam  itineris 
exposuit,  ut  secum  iter  facerent.  Tum  cum  eis  quibus 
persuaserat  ^navem  conscendit,  et,  cum  ventus  idoneus 
esset,  post  paucos  dies  ad  ostium  fliiminis  Thermodontis 

15  appulit^.  Postquam  in  fines  Amazonum  venit,  nuntium 
ad  Hippolytam  misit  qui  causam  veniendi  doceret  et  bal- 
teum posceret.  Ipsa  Hippolyte  balteum  tradere^  volebat, 
quod*  de  Herculis  virtute  famam  acceperat ;  reliquae* 
tamen  Amazones  ei^  persuaserunt  ut  negaret.     At  Her- 

20  cules,  cum  haec  nuntiata  essent,  belli  fortunam  temptare 
constituit. 

Proximo  igitur  die,  cum  copias  eduxisset,  locum  id5- 
neum  delegit  et  hostes  ad  pugnam  evocavit.     Amazones 

1.  cf.  p.  44,  1.  4.  4.  quia^  quoniam. 

2.  appropinqudvit,  5.  ceterae. 

3.  dare*  6.  i.e.  Hippolyte. 


HERCULES.  47 

quoque  copias  suas  ex  castris  eduxerunt  et  ^non  magno 
intervallo  aciem  instruxerunt. 

I.  propCy  ndn  procul. 

34.     Proeliiim  cum  Amazonibus. 

Palus^  erat   non    magna  inter  duo  exercitus  ;    neutri 
tamen  initium  transeundi  facere  volebant.    Tandem  Her-    5 
cules  signum  dedit  et,  ubi   paludem  transiit,   proelium 
commisit. 

Amazones  impetum  virorum  fortissime  sustinuerunt  et 
contra  opinionem  omnium  tantam  virtutem  praestiterunt^ 
ut  multos  eorum  occiderint,  multos  etiam  in  fugam  con-  ^o 
iecerint^  Viri  enim  novo  genere  pugnae  perturbabantur, 
nee  solitam*  virtutem  praestabant.  Hercules  autem,  cum 
haec  videret,  de  suis  fortunis  desperare  coepit.  Milites 
igitur  vehementer  cohortatus  est  ut  pristinae^  virtutis 
memoriam  retinerent,  neu^  ''tantum  dedecus  admitterent,  ^  5 
hostiumque  impetum  fortiter  sustinerent;  quibus  verbis 
animos  omnium  ita  erexit^  ut  multi,  etiam  qui  volneribus 
confecti^  essent,  proelium  sine  mora  redintegrarent^^. 

1.  aqua  stdgndns.  7.  Par.  tantam  infdmiam  fer- 

2.  exhibuerunty  ostenderunt,  rent. 

3.  dederint.  8.  excitdvit. 

4.  adsuetam.  9.  debilitdtt^  Tnfirmu 

5.  cf.  Eng.  pristine.  10.  renovdrent^ 

6.  neu  =  et  ne. 

35.     Amazones  vincuntur. 

Diu  et  acriter  pugnatum  est^ ;  tandem  tamen  ad  solis  20 

I. ///^«  J  in  the  passive  voice      translate   it  literally:   here,  M<y 
is   always  impersonal.     Do  not      fought. 


48  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

occasum  tanta  commutation  rerum  facta  est  ut  mulieres 
^terga  verterent  et  fuga  salutem  peterent.  Multae  autem 
volneribus  defessae^,  dum  fugiunt,  captae  sunt ;  in  quo 
numero  ipsa  erat  Hippolyte.     Hercules  summam  clemen- 

5  tiam*  praestitit^  et,  postquam  balteum  accepit,  libertatem 
omnibus  captivis  dedit.  Post  haec  socios  ad  mare  reduxit 
et,  quod  non  ^multum  aestatis  supererat,  in  Graeciam 
proficisci  maturavit'^.  Navem  igitur  conscendit  et,  ^tem- 
pestatem    idoneam     nactus,    statim    solvit^:     antequam 

10  tamen  in  Graeciam  pervenit,  ad  urbem  Troiam  ^^navem 
appellere  constituit ;  frumentum  enim,  quod  secum  habe- 
bat,  iam  deficere"  coeperat. 

1.  cf.   Eng.  commutation:  7.  contendit,  festlndvit. 

2.  See  idioms.  8.  Par.    cum    ventus    idoneus 

3.  confectaeydefattgdtae^lassae.  esset.     nactus  is  from  nanctscor 

4.  humdnitdtem^benignitdtem.  =  forte  invenio. 

5.  cf.  p.  47,  1.  9.  9.  cf.  30,  n.  4. 

6.  multum  aestdtis  =  much  of  10.  ndvigdre. 

the  summer.  11.  cf.  Eng.  deficient^  deficit. 

36.     Laomedon,  rex  Troiae,  et  monstnun. 

Laomedon  quidam  illo  tempore  regnum  Troiae  obtine- 
15  bat  ;  ad  hunc  Neptunus  et  Apoll5  anno  superiore  vene- 
rant  et,  cum  Troia  nondum  moenia  haberet,  ad  hoc  opus 
auxilium  obtulerant\  Postquam  tamen  horum  auxili5 
moenia  confecta  sunt,  nolebat  Laomedon  praemium  quod 
proposuerat,  persolvere^. 
20  Neptunus  igitur  et  Apollo,  ob  banc  causam  irati^,  m5n- 
strum  quoddam  miserunt  specie^  horribili,  quod  cottidie  e 

1.  From  offero.  3.  cf.  Eng.  irate^  ire. 

2.  dare,  pendere.  4.  cf.  p.  27, 1.  18. 


HERCULES,  49 

mari  veniebat  et  homines  pecudesque  vorabat^  Troiani 
igitur,  timore  perterriti,  in  urbe  continebantur  et  pecora^ 
omnia  ex  agris  intra  mur5s  compulerant.  Laomeddn, 
his  rebus  commotus,  oraculum  consuluit ;  deus  autem  ei 
praecepit^  ut  filiam  Hesionem  monstro  obiceret*. 

1.  cf.  Eng.  devour.  3.  monuity  imperdvit, 

2.  animalia^  bestids.  4.  trdderet. 


37.     Hesione,  filia  regis,  ab  Hercule  servatur. 

Laomedon,    cum    hoc   responsum   renuntiatum   esset, 
magnum  dolorem  percepit^ ;    sed  tamen,   ut  cives  suos 
tanto  periculo  liberaret,  oraculo  parere  constituit  et  Miem 
sacrificio  dixit.     Sed,   sive   casu^  sive   consilio   deorum,  10 
Hercules  tempore  opportunissimo  Tr5iam  attigit* ;  ipso 
enim  temporis  puncto^  quo  puella  catenis  vincta  ad  litus^ 
deducebatur,  ille  'navem  appulit.    Hercules,  e  navi  egres- 
sus,  de  rebus  quae  gerebantur  ^certior  factus  est :  turn, 
ira  commotus,  ad  regem  se  contulit  et   auxilium  suum  15 
obtulit^.     Cum  rex  libenter  ei  concessisset^^  ut,  si  posset, 
puellam  liberaret,  Hercules  monstrum  interfecit  et  puel- 
1am,  quae  jam   ^^omnem  spem  salutis  deposuerat,  inco- 
lumem^^   ad   patrem    reduxit.       Laomedon    magnd   cum 
gaudio  filiam  suam  accepit,  et  Herculi  pro  tanto  beheficio  20 
meritas  ^%ratias  rettulit. 

1.  sensit,  cf.  p.  28,  1.  22.  8.  See  idioihs. 

2.  See  idioms.  9-  cf.  p.  48,  1.  17. 

3.  by  chance.  10.  permisisset. 

4.  pervenit.  11.  cf .  p.  30, 1.  8. 

5.  momentd..  12.  salvant. 

6.  cf.  2,  n.  I.  13.  See  idioms. 

7.  Par.  in  p  or  turn  ndvigdvit. 


50  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

38.     Labor  decimus:  boves  Geryonis. 

Post  haec  missus  est  Hercules  ad  insulam  Erythiam  ut 
boves  Geryonis  arcesseret^  Res  erat  summae  difficultatis, 
quod  boves  a  gigante  Eurytione  et  a  cane  bicipite^  custo- 

5  diebantur.  Ipse  autem  Geryon  speciem  horribilem  prae- 
bebat^ ;  habebat  enim  tria  corpora  inter  se  coniuncta. 
Hercules  tamen,  etsi  intellegebat  quantum  periculum 
esset,  negotium^  suscepit ;  et  postquam  per  multas  terras 
iter  fecit,  ad  eam  partem  Libyae  pervenit  quae  Europae 

lo  proxima  est.  Ibi  in  utraque  parte  freti^  quod  Europam 
a  Libya  dividit,  columnas  constituit^,  quae  postea  Hercu- 
lis  Columnae  appellatae  sunt. 

1.  abdticeret.  4.  rem. 

2.  Etymology    bi-,  twice    or  5.  strait, 
double ;  caputs  head.                                              6.  posuit. 

3.  exhibebat. 

39.     Hercules  Geryonem  interficit  et  obtinet  boves. 

Dum  hic^  moratur,  Hercules  magnum  incommodum^ 
15  ex  calore^  solis  accipiebat :  tandem  igitur,  ira  commotus, 
arcum  suum  intendit*  et  solem  sagittis  petiit^  Sol 
tamen  audaciam  viri  tantum  admiratus  est  ut  lintrem^ 
auream  ei  dederit.  Hercules  hoc  donum  libentissime^ 
accepit ;  nullam  enim  navem  in  his  regionibus  invenire 
20  potuerat.  Tum  lintrem  deduxit^  et,  ventum  nactus^  ido- 
neum,  post  breve  tempus  ad  insulam  pervenit.     Ubi  ex 

1.  in  hoc  loco.  6.  ndvem,  cytnbam. 

2.  molestiam.  7.  Ant.  invttissime. 

3.  drdore.  8.  launched. 

4.  cf.  p.  y],  1.  20.  9.  cf.  35,  n.  8. 

5.  aimed  at. 


HERCULES.  51 

incolis  cognovit  qu5  in  loco  boves  essent,  in  earn  partem 
statim  profectus  est  et  a  rege  Geryone  postulavit^  ut 
boves  sibi  traderentur.  Cum  tamen  ille  hoc  facere  nollet, 
Hercules  et  regem  ipsum  et  gigantem  Eurytionem  inter- 
fecit.  5 

I.  fldgitdvit^  poposcit. 

40.     Proelium  in  Lignres  et  imber^  lapidum. 

Tum  Hercules  boves  per  Hispaniam  et  Liguriam  com- 
pellere^  constituit  :  postquam  igitur  omnia  parata  sunt, 
boves  ex  insula  ad  continentem  transportavit.  Ligures 
tamen,  gens  bellicosissima,  dum  ille  per  fines  eorum  iter  lo 
facit,  magnis  copiis  convenerunt  atque  eum  longius  pro- 
gredi  prohibebant.  Hercules  magnam  difficultatem  habe- 
bat;  barbari  enim  in  locis  superioribus  constiterant  et 
saxa  telaque  in  eum  coniciebant.  Ille  quidem  paene 
^omnem  spem  salutis  deposuerat;  sed  tempore  opportunis-  15 
simo  luppiter  imbrem  lapidum  ingentium'*  e  caelo  demisit. 
Hi  tanta  vi  ceciderunt  ut  magnum  numerum  Ligurum 
occiderint;    ipse  tamen  Hercules  ^nihil  incommodi  cepit. 

1.  shower,  4.  Stronger  than  mdgndrum. 

2.  agere.  5.  Par.  nulla  volnera. 

3.  cf.  p.  30,  1.  8. 

41.     Transitus  Alpium. 

Postquam  Ligures  hoc  modo  superati  sunt\  Hercules  20 
quam  celerrime  pr5gressus  est  et  post  pauc5s  dies  ad 
Alpes  pervenit.     Necesse  erat  hos  transire  ut  in  Italiam 
bbves  duceret ;  res  tamen  summae  erat  difficultatis :  hi 
enim  montes  qui  Galliam  ulteriorem^  ab  Italia  dividunt, 

I.  victi  sunt.  2.  Ant.  citeriorem. 


52  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

nive^  perenni^  teguntur ;  quam  ob  causam  neque  f rumen- 
turn  neque  pabulum^  in  his  regionibus  inveniri  potest. 
Hercules  igitur,  antequam  ascendere  coepit,  magnam 
copiam  frumenti  et  pabuli  comparavit  et  boves  oneravit^ 
5  Postquam  in  his  rebus  tres  dies  consumpserat,  quart5  die 
profectus  est  et,  contra  omnium  opinionem,  boves  inco- 
lumes^  in  Italiam  traduxit. 

1.  snow.  3.  pabulum  est  cibus  bestidrutn. 

2.  Etymology    per^    through-  4.  cf.  Eng.  onerous, 
out ;  anntiSy  the  year.  5.  cf.  p.  49,  1.  18. 

42.     Cacus,  gigas  quidam,  boves  aufert. 

Post  breve  tempus  ad  flumen  Tiberim  venit,  illo  tamen 

10  tempore  nulla  erat  urbs  in  eo  loco  ;  Roma  enim  nondum 

condita  est.     Hercules,  itinere  fessus,  constituit  ibi  pau- 

cos  dies  morari  ut  se  ex  laboribus  recrearet.     Haud  pro- 

cul  ex  valle  ubi  boves  pascebantur,  antrum^  erat  in  quo 

gigas  quidam,  nomine  Cacus,  tum  habitabat.     Hie  spe- 

15  ciem  terribilem  praebebat,   n5n  modo  quod  ingenti  ma- 

gnitudine  corporis  erat,  sed  quod  ignem  ex  ore  exspirabat. 

Cacus   autem  de   adventu    Herculis  ^famam    acceperat  : 

noctu^  igitur  venit,  et,   dum   Hercules  dormit,  quattuor 

pulcherrimorum  boum  abripuit.     Hos  caudis*  in  antrum 

20  traxit,  ne  Hercules  vestigiis*  animadvertere  posset  quo 

in  loco  celati  essent. 

1.  cf.  p.  40,  1.  17.  4.  by  their  tails. 

2.  Par.  rumor  em  audiverat.  5.  abl.  of  means. 

3.  nocturno  tempore. 


HERCULES,  53 

43.     Hercules  boves  amissos  undique^  quaerit. 

Postero  die,  ^simul  atque  e  somno  excitatus  est,  Her- 
cules furtum^  animadvertit  et  boves  amissos  undique  quae- 
rebat.  Hos  tamen  nusquam  reperire  poterat ;  non  modo 
quod  loci  naturam  ignorabat,  sed  quod  vestigiis  falsis  5 
deceptus  est.  Tandem,  cum  magnam  partem  diei  frustra 
consumpsisset,  cum  reliquis  bobus  progredi  constituit. 
At,  dum  proficisci  parat,  unus  e  bobus  quos  secum  habuit, 
mugire*  coepit.  Extemplo^  ei  qui  in  antro  inclusi  erant, 
mugitum  reddiderunt,  et  h5c  modo  Herculem  ^certiorem  10 
fecerunt  "^quo  in  loc5  celati  essent.  Ille,  vehementer  ira- 
tus,  ad  speluncam^  quam  celerrime  ^se  contulit  ut  praedam 
reciperet.  At  Cacus  saxum  ingens  ita  deiecerat  ut  aditus 
speluncae  omnino  obstrueretur. 

1.  cf.  p.  30,  1.  I.  5.  statim. 

2.  cf.  p.  31,  1.  12.  6.  See  idioms. 

3.  theft,     cf.  furtive.  7.  cf.  p.  52,  1.  20. 

4.  to  low.  8.  antrum. 

9.  See  idioms. 

44.     Bobus  repertis,  Cacus  necatur.  15 

Hercules,  cum  nullum  alium  introitum^  reperire^  posset, 
hoc  saxum  amovere  conatus  est ;  sed  propter  eius  magni- 
tudinem  res  erat  difficillima.  Diu  frustra  laborabat  neque 
quidquam  efficere  poterat  :  tandem  tamen  magno  conatu 
saxum  amovit  et  speluncam^  patef ecit^  Ibi  amissos  boves  20 
magno  cum    gaudio  conspexit^ ;  sed   Cacum  ipsum  vix 

1.  aditutn.  3.  cf.  43,  n.  8. 

2.  invenlre.  4.  aperuit. 

5.  vtdit. 


54  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

cernere^  potuit,  quod  spelunca  repleta  erat  fum5^  quern 
•  ille  more  suo  evomebat.  Hercules,  ^inusitata  specie  tur- 
batus,  breve  tempus  haesitabat ;  mox  tamen  in  speluncam 
inrupit*  et  collum^  monstri  bracchiis^  complexus  est'^. 
5  Ille,  etsi  ^multum  reluctatus  est,  nullo  modo  se  liberare^ 
potuit;  et,  cum  nulla  facultas  respirandi  daretur,  mox, 
quod  necesse  fuit,  exanimatus  est^^. 

1.  videre,  conspicere.  7.  comprehendit. 

2.  smoke,     cf.  Eng.  fumes.  8.  Par.  vehementer  repugnd- 

3.  Par.  inusitdto  aspectu  co?n-       vit^  summd  vi  7-estitit. 
motus.  9.  e  rip  ere. 

4.  inruity  invdsit.  10.  animd  prtvdtus  est,  necdtus 

5.  cf.  p.  39,1.  I.  est. 

6.  arms. 

45.     Labor  undecimus :  aurea  poma^  Hesperidum. 

Eurystheus,  postquam  boves  Geryonis  accepit,  laborem 
10  imdecimum  Herculi  imposuit,  graviorem  quam  quos^  supra 
narravimus.  Mandavit^  enim  ei  ut  aurea  poma  ex  horto 
Hesperidum  auferret.  Hesperides  autem  nymphae  erant 
quaedam  forma  praestantissima^  quae  in  terra  longinqua* 
habitabant,  et  quibus  aurea  quaedam  poma  a  lunone  com- 
15  missa  erant.  Multi  homines,  auri  cupiditate  inducti,  haec 
poma  auferre  iam  antea  conati  erant:  res  tamen  difficil- 
lima  erat ;  namque  hortus  in  quo  poma  erant,  muro  ingenti 
undique  circumdatus  est  ;  praeterea  draco^  quidam,  cui'^ 
centum  erant  capita,  portam  horti  diligenter  custodiebat. 

1.  apples.  4.  pulcherrimd. 

2.  The  antecedent  of  quos  is  5.  remotd. 
labores  understood.  6.  serpens. 

3.  imperdvit.  7.  The  dative  of  possessor. 


HERCULES.  55 

Opus^  igitur  quod  Eurystheus  Herculi  imperaverat,  erat 
summae  difficultatis,  non  modo  ob  causas  quas  memora- 
vimus^  sed  quod  Hercules  omnino  ignorabat  quo  in  loco 
hortus  ille  situs^  esset. 

I.  labor.  2.  ndrrdvimus.  3.  po situs. 

46.     Hercules  Atlantem  visit.  5 

Hercules,  quamquam  quietem  vehementer  cupiebat, 
constituit  tamen  ^Eurystheo  parere  ;  et  ^simul  ac  iussa 
eius  accepit,  proficisci  maturavit^.  A  multis  mercato- 
ribus*  quaesiverat  quo  in  loc5  Hesperides  habitarent ; 
nihil  tamen  certum  reperire  potuerat.  Frustra  per  multas  10 
terras  iter  fecit  et  niulta  pericula  subiit :  tandem,  cum  in 
his  itineribus  totum  annum  consumpsisset,  ad  extremam 
partem  orbis  quae  proxima  erat  Oceano,  pervenit.  Hie 
stabat  vir  quidam,  nomine  Atlas,  ingenti  magnitudine 
corporis,  qui  caelum  (ita  tradunt^)  umeris  suis  sustinebat  15 
ne  in  terram  decideret^.  Hercules  tantum  laborem  ma- 
gnopere  miratus,  ^post  paulo  in  conloquium  cum  Atlante 
venit,  et,  cum  causam  itineris  docuisset,  auxilium  eius 
petiit. 

1.  VdiY.iussa  Etirystketfacere.  4.  merchants. 

2.  simul atqucjubi  prtinum.  5.  ndrrant^  dicunt. 

3.  corttendit,  festmdvit.  6.  Not  decideret. 

7.  mox,  post  breve  tempus. 

47.     Hercules,  Atlante  absente,  caelum  sustinet.  20 

Atlas  autem  potuit   Herculi   maxime   prodesse^  ;    ille 
enim,  cum  ipse  esset  pater  Hesperidum,  bene  scivit  qu5 

I.  iuvdre  with  ace,  auxilium  dare. 


56  FABULAE  FA  GILES, 

in  loco  esset  hortus.  Postquam  igitur  audivit  quam  ob 
causam  Hercules  venisset,  "  Ipse/'  inquit\  *'  ad  hortum 
ibo,  et  filiabus  meis  persuadebo  ut  poma  ^sua  sponte  tra- 
dant."     Hercules,  cum  haec  audiret,  magnopere  gavisus 

5  est' ;  noluit  enim  vim  adhibere'*,  si  res  aliter^  fieri  posset : 
constituit  igitur  oblatum^  auxilium  accipere.  Atlas  tamen 
postulavit  ut,  dum  ipse  abesset,  Hercules  caelum  umeris 
sustineret.  Hoc  igitur  negotium^  Hercules  libenter  sus- 
cepit ;  et,  quamquam  res  erat  summi  laboris,  totum  pon- 

10  dus  caeli  continues  complures^  dies  solus  sustinebat. 

1.  ait^  dlcit.  4.  adferre. 

2.  libenter^  mil  Id  cogente.  5.  alio  modo. 

3.  The  perfect  of  ^<2 2^^^^.  cf.            6.  Participle  from  <7^m 
laetdtus  est.  7.  Par.  opus^  labor  em* 

8.  per  mult  OS. 

48.     Hercules  poma  ab  Atlante  accipit. 

Atlas  interea^  abierat  et  ad  hortum  Hesperidum,  qui 
pauca  milia  passuum  aberat,  se  quam  celerrime  contulerat. 
Eo^  cum  venisset,  causam  veniendi  exposuit,  et  filias  suas 

15  vehementer  hortatus  est  ut  poma  traderent.  Illae  diu 
haerebant';  nolebant  enim  hoc  facere,  quod  ab  ipsa 
lunone  (de  qua  ante  dictum  est)  hoc  munus*  acceperant. 
Atlas  tamen,  post  multa  verba,  eis  persuasit  ut  sibi  pare- 
rent^  et  poma  ad  Herculem  rettulit^.     Hercules  interea, 

20  cum  plures  dies  exspectavisset  neque  ullam  famam  de 
reditu  Atlantis  accepisset,  hac  mora  graviter  commotus 
est.     Tandem  quinto  die    Atlantem  vidit  redeuntem  et 

1.  interim.  4.  donum. 

2.  illUc,  in  eum  locum.  5.  cf.  p.  55,  1.  7. 

3.  dubitdbant,  haesitdbant.  6.  reportdvit. 


HERCULES.  57 

mox  magno  cum   gaudio  poma  accepit ;    turn  postquam 

^gratias  pro  tanto  beneficio  egit,  ad  Graeciam  proficisci 

maturavit. 

I.  See  idioms. 

49.     Labor  duodecimus:  canis  Cerberus. 

Postquam  aurea  poma  ad  Eurystheum  relata  sunt,  unus    5 
modo^  relinquebatur  e  duodecim  laboribus  quos  Pythia* 
Herculi  praeceperat^     Eurystheus  autem,  cum  Herculem 
magnopere  timeret,  volebat  eum  in  aliquem  locum  mittere 
unde'*  numquam  redire  posset.     Negotium^  igitur  ei  dedit 
ut  canem   Cerberum  ex  Orco^  in  lucem  traheret.     Hoc  lo 
opus  omnium  difficillimum  erat,  nemo  enim  umquam  ex 
Oreo  redierat.      Praeterea  Cerberus  iste  monstrum  erat 
horribili  specie,  cui  tria  erant  capita  serpentibus  saevis 
circumvoluta.     Antequam  tamen  hunc  laborem  narramus, 
''non  alienum  videtur,  quoniam  de  Oreo  mentionem  feci-  ^5 
mus,  pauca  de  ista  regione  proponere^ 

1.  tantunty  solum.  6.  Orcus  is  the  abode  of  the 

2.  cf.  19.  dead,  Hades. 

3.  impe^'dveraty  iusserat.  7.  /'/   does    not    seem    out    of 

4.  ex  quo,  place. 

5.  cf.  p.  56,  1.  8.  8.  ndrrdre. 

50.     Orcus. 

De  Oreo,  qui  idem^  Hades  dicebatur^,  haec  traduntur^ 
Ut*  quisque  ^e  vita  discesserat,  manes^  eius  ad  Orcum, 

1.  quoque,  etiam.  3.  feruntur^  ndrrantur, 

2.  nomindbdtur,  appelldbdtury  4.  whenever, 
vocdbdtur.  5-  e  vltd  disci dere  =  mort, 

6.  ghosty  shade. 


58  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 

sedem  mortuorum,  a  deo  Mercuric  deducebantur.  Huius 
regionis,  quae  sub  terra  fuisse  dicitur,  rex  erat  Plut5,  cui 
uxor  erat  Proserpina,  lovis  et  Cereris  filia.  Manes  igitur, 
a  Mercurio  deduct!,  primum  ad  ripam  veniebant  Stygis^ 

5  fluminis,  quo  continetur^  regnum  Plutonis.  Hoc  transire 
necesse  erat,  antequam  in  Orcum  venire  possent.  Cum 
tamen  hoc  flumen  nullo  ponte  iunctum  esset,  manes  trans- 
vehebantUr  a  Charonte  quodam  qui  cum  parva  scapha^ 
ad  ripam  exspectabat.      Charon  pr5  hoc  officio'*  merce- 

lo  dem^  postulabat,  neque  volebat  quemquam,  nisi  hoc 
praemium^  prius  dedisset,  transvehere.  Ob  hanc  causam 
mos  erat  apud  antiquos  nummum''  in  ore  mortui  ponere 
eo  consilio,  ut,  cum  ille  ad  Stygem  venisset,  pretium  tra- 
iectus^  solvere  posset.      Ei   autem   qui  post  mortem  in 

15  terra  non  sepulti^  erant,  Stygem  transire  non  potuerunt, 
sed  in  litore  per  centum  annos  errare^^  coacti  sunt  ;  tum 
demum  licuit  Orcum  intrare^^ 

1.  The  Styx  was   a   river  of  5.  pretium. 
the  infernal  regions,  across  which            6.  mer cedent. 

Charon  ferried  the  souls  of  the  7.  sestertium,    a    coin    worth 

dead.  about  five  cents. 

2.  cingitur,  circumfluitur.  8.  trdnseundl. 

3.  Ii7ttre.     cf.  p.  50,  1.  17.  9.  cf.  Eng.  sepulture. 

4.  munere.  10.  vagdrt,  obambuldre. 

II.  inire^  ingredt. 

51.     Regnum  Plutonis. 

Postquam  manes  Stygem  hoc  modo  transierant,  ad  alte- 

20  rum  veniebant  flumen  quod  Lethe^  appellatum  est.  Ex  h5c 

flumine  aquam  bibere  cogebantur  :  quod^  cum  fecissent, 

I.  Lethe  means  forgetfulness.  2.  Object  of  fecissent. 


HERCULES.  59 

res  omnes  in  vita  gestas^  e  memoria  deponebant.  Deni- 
que  ad  sedem  ipsam  Plutonis  veniebant,  cuius  introitus^  a 
cane  Cerbero  custodiebatur.  Ibi  Pluto,  nigro  vestitu  in- 
dutus^,  cum  uxore  Proserpina  in  solio'*  sedebat.  Stabant 
etiam  non  procul  ex  eo  loco  tria  alia  solia  in  quibus  sede- 
bant  Minos,  Rhadamanthus,  et  Aeacus,  iudices  inferorum. 
Hi  mortuis  ^ius  dicebant  et  praemia  poenasque  constitue- 
bant  :  boni  enim  in  Campos  Elysios,  sedem  beatorum, 
veniebant  ;  improbi^  autem  in  Tartar um  mittebantur  et 
multis  variisque  suppliciis^  ibi  excruciabantur^. 

1.  dctds.  6.  Ant.  bont. 

2.  aditus.  7-  poems. 

3-  amictus^  circumdatus.  8.  cf.  Eng.  excruciating ;  tor- 

4.  selld  regdlt.  menta  ferebant. 

5.  See  idioms. 


52.     Cymbal  Charontis. 

Hercules  postquam  imperia^  Eurysthei  accepit,  in  Laco- 
niam  ad  Taenarum  statim  se  contulit :  ibi  enim  spelunca^ 
erat  ingenti  magnitudine,  per  quam  (ut  tradebatur^)  homi- 
nes ad  Orcum  descendebant.  Eo^  cum  venisset,  ex  incolis  15 
quaesivit  quo  in  loco  spelunca  ilia  sita  esset^:  quod  cum 
cdgnovisset,  sine  mora  descendere  constituit.  Non  tamen 
solus  hoc  iter  faciebat,  Mercurius  enim  et  Minerva  se 
socios  ei  adiunxerant.  Ubi  ad  ripam  Stygis  venit,  Her- 
cules scapham  Charontis  conscendit  ut  ad  ulteriorem  20 
ripam  transiret.     Cum  tamen  Hercules  vir  esset  ingenti 

1.  scapka,  linter.  4.  cf.  p.  57, 1.  17. 

2.  iUssa^  manddta.  5.  cf.  p.  56,  1.  14. 

3.  cf.  p.  53,1.  12.  6.  cf.  p.  55,1.4- 


60  FABULAE-  FA  GILES. 

magnitudine  corporis,  Charon  solvere^  nolebat ;  magno- 
pere  enim  Verebatur  ne  scapha  sua,  tanto  pondere  onerata, 
in  medi5  flumine  mergeretur^  Tandem  tamen,  minis^ 
Herculis  territus,  Charon  scapham  solvit,  et  eum  incolu- 
5    mem  ad  ulteriorem  ripam  perduxit. 

1.  cf.  30,  n.  4.  3.  cf.  Eng.  immerse^  submerge. 

2.  See  idioms.  4.  verbis  trdtis. 

* 
53.      Hercules    Cerberum    ex    Oreo    ad    urbem    Eurysthei 

trahit. 

Postquam  flumen  Stygem  tali  modo  transiit,  Hercules 
in  sedem   ipsius   Plut5nis  venit ;    et,   postquam  causam 

10  veniendi  docuit,  ab  eo  petivit  ut  Cerberum  auferre  sibi 
liceret.  Pluto,  qui  de  Hercule  famam  acceperat,  eum 
benigne  excepit,  et  facultatem^  quam  ille  petebat  libenter 
dedit.  Postulavit  tamen  ut  Hercules,  postquam  iussa 
Eurysthei  explevisset^,  Cerberum  in  Orcum  rursus  redu- 

15  ceret.  Hercules  haec  pollicitus  est,  et  Cerberum,  quem 
non  sine  magno  periculo  manibus  prehenderat^,  summo 
cum  labore  ex  Oreo  in  lucem  et  ad  urbem  Eurysthei 
traxit.  Eo*  cum  venisset,  tantus  pavor^  animum  Eury- 
sthei occupavit  ut  ex  atrio^  statim  refugerit :  cum  autem 

20  paulum^  se  ex  timore  recepisset,  multis  cum  lacrimis 
obsecravit^  Herculem  ut  m5nstrum  sine  mora  in  Orcum 
reduceret.  Sic,  contra  omnium  opinionem,  duodecim 
illi   labores    quos    Pythia    praeceperat,    intra    duodecim 

1.  veniam^  licentiam.  6.  The  atrium  was  the  prin- 

2.  exsecutus  esset.  cipal  room  of  a  Roman  house. 

3.  ceperat.  '       7.  parum.        Ant.      multum^ 

4.  Adv.  mdgnopere. 

5.  timor.  8.  precdtus  esty  obtestdtus  est. 


HERCULES.  61 

annos  confecti   sunt^ :    ^quae  cum  ita  essent,   Hercules, 

servitute  tandem  libera tus,  magno  cum  gaudio  Thebas 

rediit. 

\.  per dctt  sunt.  2.  See  idioms. 

54.     Hercules  et  Nessus,  Centaurua 

Post  haec  Hercules  multa  alia  praeclara^  perfecit  quae    5 
nunc  perscribere  ^longum  est :  tandem,  iam  ^aetate  pro- 
vectus,  Deianiram  Oenei  filiam  in  matrimonium  duxit: 
post   tamen   tres    annos    accidit   ut   puerum   quendam, 
nomine    Eunomum,    casu   occideret.      Cum    autem   mos 
esset  ut,  si  quis  hominem  casu  occidisset,  in  exsilium  10 
iret,  Hercules  cum  uxore  sua  e  finibus  eius  civitatis  exire 
maturavit.     Dum  tamen  iter  faciunt,  ad  flumen  quoddam 
pervenerunt  quod  nullo  ponte  iunctum  erat,  et,  dum  quae- 
runt  quonam*  modo  flumen  traiciant^,  accurrit  Centaurus 
quidam,  nomine  Nessus,  qui  auxilium  viat5ribus  obtulit.  15 
Hercules  igitur  uxorem  suam  in  tergum  Nessi  imposuit  : 
tum  ipse  flumen  nando^  traiecit.     At  Nessus,  paulum  in 
aquam   progressus'^,    ad   ripam    subito   reversus   est^   et 
Deianiram   auferre   conabatur^.      Quod  cum  animadver- 
tisset^^  Hercules,  ira  graviter  commotus,  arcum  intendit  et  20 
pectus  Nessi  sagitta  transfixit. 

1.  egregia,  eximia.     The  adj.  5.  trdnseant. 

is  used  substantively.  6.  by  swimmings  abl.  of   the 

2.  See  idioms.  gerund  expressing  means. 

3.  senex,  aetdte  progressus.  7.  profectus. 

4.  quonam  :  the  enclitic  -nam  8.  rediit. 
makes  qud  emphatic.  9.  temptdbat. 

10.  vidissety  intellexisset. 


62  FABULAE  FA  GILES. 


55.     Nessus  moriens  aliquid  cnioris  sui  Deianirae  dat. 

Nessus  igitur,  sagitta  Herculis  transfixus,  moriens 
humi^  iacebat^;  at,  ^ne  occasionem  sui  ulciscendi  dlmit- 
teret,  ita  locutus  est :    "  Tu,  Deianira,  verba  morientis'* 

5  audi :  si  vis^  amorem  mariti^  tui  conservare,  aliquid  san- 
guinis huius,  qui  e  pectore  meo  effunditur,  sume  ac 
repone"^  ;  turn,  si  umquam  suspicio  in  mentem  tuam 
venerit,  vestem  mariti  hoc  sanguine  inficies^"  Haec 
locutus  Nessus  ^animam  efflavit  ;    Deianira  autem  nihil 

10  mali  suspicata,  imperata^^  fecit.  Post  breve  tempus  Her- 
cules bellum  contra  Eurytum,  regem  Oechaliae,  suscepit, 
et,  cum  regem  ipsum  cum  filiis  interfecisset,  lolen,  filiam 
Euryti,  captivam  reduxit.  Antequam  tamen  domum 
venit,  navem  ad   Cenaeum   promunturium   appulit^\   et, 

15  in  terram  egressus,  aram  constituit  ut  lovi  sacriiicaret. 
Dum  tamen  sacrificium  parat,  Licham  comitem  suum 
domum  misit  qui  vestem  albam  referret  :  mos  enim  erat 
apud  antiques,  dum  sacrificia  faciebant,  vestem  albam 
gerere.     At  Deianira  verita^^  ne  Hercules  amorem  erga 

20  lolen  haberet,  vestem,  priusquam  Lichae  dedit,  sanguine 
Nessi  infecit. 

1.  Locative      case,      on     the  7.  reconde,  servd. 

ground,  8.  imbues^    tinges,     cf.   p.  39, 

2.  Not  iaciebat.  1.  6. 

3.  lest  he  should  lose  the  op-            9.  mortuus  est. 
portunity  of  avenging  himself .  10.  manddta,  iUssa. 

4.  sc.  met.  II.  cf.  p.  48,  1.  II. 

5.  From  void.  ■                12.  Translate    as    a    present 

6.  virtf  coniugis.  participle. 


HERCULES. 


63 


56.     Mors  Herculis. 


Hercules  nihil  mali  suspicatus,  vestem,  quam  Lichas 
attulit,  statim  induit:  post  tamen  breve  tempus  dolorem 
per  omnia  membra  sensit,  et  quae  causa  esset  eius  rei 
magnopere  mirabatur.  Dolore  paene  exanimatus,  vestem  5 
detrahere^  conatus  est:  ilia  tamen  in  corpore  haesit^, 
neque  ullo  modo  divelli^  potuit.  Tum  demum  Hercules, 
quasi  furore  impulsus,  in  montem  Oetam  *se  contulit,  et 
in  rogum^  quem  summa  celeritate  exstruxit^,  se  imposuit. 
Hoc  cum  fecisset,  eos  qui  circumstabant  oravit  ut  rogum  10 
quam  celerrime  accenderent'^  :  omnes  diu  recusabant^ : 
tandem  tamen  pastor  quidam,  ad  misericordiam  inductus, 
ignem  subdidit.  Tum,  dum  omnia  fumo^  obscurantur, 
Hercules,  densa  nube  velatus^^,  a  love  in  Olympum  abrep- 


tus"  est. 

1.  dweller e. 

2.  adfixa  est. 

3.  detrahu 

4.  See  idioms. 

5.  pyram. 

6.  eduxit.     Ant.  destruxitj  cf. 
Eng.  destruction. 


15 


7.  mflammdrent. 

8.  negdbant. 

9.  cf.  p.  54,  1.  I. 

10.  tectus. 

11.  abldtus. 


VIRI  ROMAE. 


MARCUS   ATILIUS   REGULUS. 

256   B.C. 

The  events  here  recorded  took  place  during  the  First  Punic  War  (264- 
241  B.C.).  Regulus  was  celebrated  not  only  for  his  heroism  but  also  for  the 
simplicity  and  the  frugality  of  his  life.  Subsequent  ages  loved  to  point  to 
him  as  a  typical  Roman, 

57.     Hanno,  quasi  de  pace  acturus,  ad  Regulum  venit. 

Marcus  Regulus  cum  Poenos  magna  clade^  adfecisset^, 
Hanno  Carthaginiensis  ad  eum  venit  quasi  de  pace  actu- 
rus, re  vera  ut  tempus  extraheret^  donec^  novae  copiae 

5  ex  Africa  advenirent.  Is  ubi  ad  consulem  accessit^,  exor- 
tus  est^  militum  clamor  auditaque  vox,  "^idem  huic^  facien- 
dum esse  quod  paucis  ante  annis  Cornelio  consul!  a 
Poenis  factum  esset.  Cornelius  enim  velut^  in  conlo- 
quium  per  fraudem  evocatus  a  Poenis  comprehensus  erat^^_ 

10  et  in  vincula  coniectus.     lam  Hann5  timere  incipiebat, 

1.  caedes^  internecio,    calami-  6.  coepit^  incepit. 

ids.  7.  idem    .    .    .   factum    esset ^ 

2.  aliquem  magna  cldde  adfi-  ind.  disc,  after  vox  audita  est, 
cere^aliquem  devincere.  which  suggests  a  verb  of  saying. 

3.  prodHceret^  extenderet.  8.  to  him. 

4.  dum.  9.  quasi. 

5.  adiit^  appropinqudvit.  10.  captus  erat. 


""-^      ipjl[l,l,||J|lll|J.  llilM.LII.M.,ll. 

ROMAN    IN   TOGA   PRAETEXTA. 


MARCUS  ATILIUS  REGULUS.  65 

sed  periculum  astuto^  resp5nso  avertit :  "  ^Hoc  vero," 
inquit,  "si  feceritis,  nihilo  eritis  Afris  meliores."  Consul 
tacere  iussit  eos  qui  par  pari  referri^  volebant,  et  conve- 
niens* gravitati  Romanae  responsum  dedit :  "  Isto  te 
metu,  Hanno,  fides  Romana  liberal."  De  pace,  quia  5 
neque  Poenus  serio^  agebat  et  consul  victoriam  quam 
pacem  malebat,  non  convenit.^ 

1.  sag  del ^  sapiente.  3.  reddu 

2.  Or.  St   hoc   vero  feceritis,  4.  aptum, 

nihilo  meliores  eritis  Afrts.  5.  Adv.    cf.  re  verd. 

6.  pactum  est. 

58.     Regulus  deinde  in  Africam  traiecit,  ubi,  trecentis  ca- 
stellis  expugnatis,  ingentem  serpentem  occidit. 

Regulus  deinde  in  Africam  primus  Romanorum  ducum  10 
traiecit.  Clypeam  urbem  et  trecenta  castella  expugnavit, 
neque  cum  hominibus  tantum^  sed  etiam  cum  monstris 
dimicavit^  Nam  cum  ad  flumen  Bagradam  castra  habe- 
ret,  anguis^  mira*  magnitudine  exercitum  Romanorum 
vexabat ;  multos  milites  ingenti  ore  corripuit ;  plures  15 
caudae^  verbere^  elisit^ ;  nonnullos  ipso  pestilentis  hali- 
tus^  adflatu  exanimavit^.  Neque  is  telorum  ictu  perforari 
poterat,  durissima^^  squamarum^^  lorica^*^  omnia  tela  facile 
repellente.     Confugiendum  fuit  ad  machinas  advectisque 

1.  Adv.  solum.  7.  /regit. 

2.  pUgndvit.  8.  spiritUs. 

3.  serpens.  9.  animd  privdvit,  necdvit. 

4.  egregid,  singuldrt.  10.  firmissimd. 

5.  cf.  Eng.  caudal^  and  p.  52,  ^^-  of  the  scales. 

1.  19.  12.  lorTca     est     miintmentum 

6.  pldgdy  tctU.  corporis. 


66  VIRI  ROMAE, 

ballistis  et  catapultis,  velut  arx  quaedam^  munita,  deicien- 
dus  hostis  fuit.  Tandem  saxorum  pondere  oppressus 
iacuit,  sed  cruore  suo  flumen  corporisque  pestifero^  adflatu 
vicina  loca  infecit  Romanosque  castra  inde  submovere 
coegit.  Corium^  beluae^  centum  et  viginti  oedes  longum, 
Romam  misit  Regulus. 

1.  qutdam  is  the  nearest  ap-  3.  pellis.     cf.  Eng.  pelt. 
proach  to  the  English  indefinite            4.  Belua  est  animal  ingens  et 
article.  formiddbile. 

2.  perniciosoj  exitioso. 


59.     Senatus   imperium   Reguli   in  annum   proximum  pro- 
rogavit^  et  alimenta  coniugi  liberisque  eius  dedit. 

Huic  ob  res  bene  gestas^  imperium  in  annum  proximum 
10  prorogatum  est.  Quod  ubi  cognovit  Regulus,  scripsit 
senatui  vilicum^  suum  in  agello^  quem  septem  iugerum^ 
habebat,  mortuum  esse  et  servum  ^occasionem  nactum 
aufugisse  ablato"^  instrumento  rustico,  ideoque^  petere  se 
ut  sibi  successor  in  Africam  mitteretur,  ne,  deserto  agro, 
15  n5n  esset  unde  uxor  et  liberi  alerentur.  Senatus  acceptis 
litteris  res  quas  Regulus  amiserat  publica  pecunia  redimi® 
iussit,  agellum  colendum  locavit^^,  alimenta  coniugi  ac 
liberis  praebuit". 

1.  produxit,  extendit.  6.  Par.  occdsione  fortutto   in- 

2.  fact  as.  ventd. 

3.  vtlicus  est  praefectus  villae  7.  From  ab-fero. 
cut  tota  rerum  rUsticdrum  cura  8.  et  ob  hanc  rem. 
commissa  est.  9.  recipi^  reddi^  rep  dm. 

4.  parvo  agro.  10.  let,  lease. 

5.  gen.  of  measure.     A  iUge-  11.  dedit,  trddidit. 
rum  is  about  |  of  an  acre. 


MARCUS  ATILIUS  REGULUS.  67 

60.     Carthaginienses,  duris  pacis   condicionibus   impositis, 
a  Lacedaemoniis  auxilium  petienint. 

Regulus  deinde  multis  proeliis  Carthaginiensium  opes 
contudit^  eosque  pacem  petere  coegit.     Quam  cum  Regu- 
lus nollet  nisi  durissimis  condicionibus  dare,  a  Lacedae-    5 
moniis  illi  auxilium  petierunt. 

I.  Ant.  auxit. 

61.     Regulus  a  Xanthippo  victus  et  captus  est. 

Lacedaemonii  Xanthippum,  virum  belli  peritissimum, 
Carthaginiensibus   miserunt,   a  quo  Regulus  victus   est 
ultima   pernicie;    nam  duo   tantum^  milia  hominum  ex  lo 
omni  Romano  exercitu  refugerunt  et  Regulus  ipse  captus 
et  in  carcerem  coniectus  est. 

I.  solum. 

62.     Inde  Romam  de  permutandis  captivis  missus  est. 

Inde  Romam  de  permutandis  captivis  missus  est  dato 
iureiurando  ut,  si  non  impetrasset\  rediret  ipse  Carthagi-  15 
nem.  Qui  cum  Romam  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum 
mandata  exposuit  ;  ^sententiam  ne  diceret  recusavit^ ; 
quam  diu  iureiiirand5  hostium  teneretur,  se  non  esse 
senatorem.  lussus  tamen  sententiam  dicere,  ^negavit 
esse  utile  captivos  Poenos  reddi,  illos  enim  adulescentes  20 
esse  et  bonos  duces,  se  iam  confectum^  senectute.    Cuius 

1 .  exordssety  precibus   obtinu-       idea  of  saying  in  this  verb  gov- 
isset^  perficisset.  ems  the  ind.  disc,  of  the  following 

2.  Translate  as  if  sentejttiam       sentence. 

dicere.  4.  dixit  non  esse. 

3.  detre davit i    noluit.        The  5.  debilitdtum. 


68  VIRI  ROMAE. 

cum  valuisset^  auct5ritas,  captivi  retenti  sunt,  ipse,  cum 
retineretur  a  propinquis  et  amicis,  tamen  Carthaginem 
rediit;  neque  vero  tunc  Ignorabat  se  ad  crudelissimum 
hostem  et  ad  exquisita^  supplicia^  proficisci,  sed  iusiuran- 
5    dum  c5nservandum*  putavit. 

1.  plus  potuisset^  vTcisset.  3.  poends. 

2.  eximiay  singuldria.  4.  sc.  esse. 

63.     Regulus   Carthaginem  revertit  et   summo   supplicio 
occisus  est. 

Reversum^  Carthaginienses  omni  cruciatu^  necave- 
runt^ ;  palpebris*  enim  resectis^  diu  eum  in  loco  tenebri- 

10  coso^  tenuerunt ;  deinde,  cum  sol  esset  ardentissimus,  eum 
repente  eductum  intueri  caelum  coegerunt ;  postremo''  in 
arcam^  ligneam  undique  clavis^  praeacutis  horrentem^^  et 
tam  angustam  ut  erectus  perpetuo  man  ere  cogeretur,  eum 
incluserunt.     Ita  dum  fessum^^  corpus,  quocunque  incli- 

15  nabat,  stimulis  ferreis  confoditur^^,  vigiliis  et  dolore  con- 
tinu5  interemptus  est^^  Hie  fuit  Atili  Reguli  exitus", 
ipsa  vita  clarior  et  inlustrior. 

1.  R ever  sum  agrees  with  eum  7.  denique,  tandem^  ad  extre- 
understood,    object    of    necdve-      mum. 

runt.  8.  cistam.     cf.  ark^  chest. 

2.  tormento,  dolore.  9.  nails. 

3.  occtderunti  interfecerunt.  10.  horridam,  asperam. 

4.  eyelids.  11.  defessum,  fattgdtum. 

5.  rescissts,  amputdtts.  12.  pungitur,  volnerdtur. 

6.  obscHrOy  sine  lUmine.  1 3.  necdtus  est. 

14.  finis  vitae,  mors. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        69 

II. 
PUBLIUS   CORNELIUS   SCIPIO   AFRICANUS. 

218-183  B.C. 

This  Scipio^  known  as  Africanus  Major  to  distinguish  him  from  Afri- 
canus  Minor ^  the  hero  of  the  Third  Punic  War,  was  of  a  noble  line  of  ances- 
tors. He  first  distinguished  himself  in  218  B.C.,  when  but  sixteen  years  of 
age,  by  saving  his  father'' s  life  in  battle.  It  was  his  supreme  glory  to  con- 
quer Hannibal  and  bring  the  Second  Punic  War  to  a  successful  conclusion. 

64.     Pueritia  Scipionis. 

Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  nondum  annos  pueritiae  egres- 
sus  patrem  singular!  virtute  servavit;  qui  cum,  pugna 
apud  Ticinum  contra  Hannibalem  commissa,  graviter  vol- 
neratus  in  hostium  manus  iam  iam  venturus  esset,  filius,  5 
interiecto  corpore,  Poenis  inruentibus^  se  opposuit  et  pa- 
trem periculo  liberavit. 

I.  invddentibus,  impetum  facientibus. 

65.     Aedilis  creatus. 

Quae  pietas  Scipioni  postea  aedilitatem  petenti  fav5rem 
populi  conciliavit^  Cum  obsisterent  tribuni  plebis,  ^ne-  10 
gantes  rationem  eius  esse  habendam  quod  nondum  ad 
petendum  legitima  aetas  esset,  "  Si  me,"  inquit  Scipi5, 
"omnes  Quirites  aedilem  facere  volunt,  satis  annorum 
habeo."  Tanto  inde  favore  ad  suffragia^  itum  est  ut  tri- 
biini  incepto'*  desisterent.  15 

1.  attulit,  compardvit.  3.  cf.  suffrage. 

2.  saying  that  he  ought  not  to  4.  consilio. 
be  considered. 


70  VIRI  ROMAE. 

66.  Post  calamitatem  Cannensem  summa  imperi  ad  eum 
delata  esti.  Coegit  nobiles  quosdam  iuvenes  iurare 
ipsos  rem  publicam  non  deserturos  esse. 

Post  cladem  Cannensem  Roman!  exercitus  reliquiae 
5  Canusium  perfugerant ;  cumque^  ibi  tribuni  militum  quat- 
tuor  essent,  tamen  omnium  consensu  ad  Publium  Scipi- 
onem  admodum^  adulescentem  summa  imperi  delata  est\ 
Quibus  consultantibus  nuntiat  Publius  Furius  Philus, 
c5nsularis  viri  filius,  nobiles  quosdam  iuvenes  propter 
10  desperationem  consilium  de  Italia  deserenda  inire^  Sta- 
tim  in  hospitium^  Metelli,  qui  coniurationis  erat  princeps, 
se  contulit  Scipio  ;  et  cum  concilium  ibi  iuvenum,  de  qui- 
bus adlatum  erat^,  invenisset,  ''stricto  super  capita  c5n- 
sultantium  gladio,  "  I  urate,"  inquit,  "vos  neque  ipsos 
15  rem  publicam  populi  Romani  desertiiros  neque  alium 
civem  Romanum  deserere  passuros^;  qui  non  iuraverit, 
in  se  hunc  gladium  strictum  esse  sciat."  ^Haud  secus 
pavidi  quam  si  victorem  Hannibalem  cernerent^^,  iurant 
omnes,  custodiendosque^^  semet  ipsos  Scipioni  tradunt. 

1.  tributa  est.  7.  strictd  gladio^  drawing  his 

2.  Concessive.  sword. 

3.  valde.  8.  permissHros,  concessHros. 

4.  caper e.  9.  Par.  non  aliter  timidu 

5.  domum.  10.  viderent. 

6.  nuntidtum  erat.  11.  tuendos,  defendendos. 

20  67.     In  Hispaniam  Scipionem  Romani  mittimt. 

Cum    Romani  duas    clades^  in    Hispania  accepissent 
duoque  ibi  summi  imperatores^  intra  dies  triginta  cecidis- 
I.  damna^  calamitdtes.  2.  duces. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        71 

sent^,  placuit^  exercitum  augeri  eoque^  proconsulem  mitti ; 
nee  tamen  quern  mitterent,  satis  constabat^     Ea  de  re 
^indicta  sunt  comitia.     Primo^  populus   exspectabat   ut, 
qui  se  tanto  dignos  imperio    crederent,  nomina  profite- 
rentur^ ;  sed   nemo    audebat   illud   imperium    suscipere.    5 
Maesta^  igitur  civitas  ac  ^prope  inops  consili  comitiorum 
die  in  campum  descendit.     Subito  P.  Cornelius  Scipio,    x 
quattuor  et  viginti  ferme^^  annos  natus^\  professus  ^se 
petere,  in  superiore,  unde^^  conspici  posset,  loco  constitit. 
In  quem  postquam  omnium  ora  conversa  sunt,  ^*ad  unum  10 
omnes  Scipionem  in  Hispania  proconsulem  esse  iusserunt. 
At  postquam  animorum  impetus  resedit^^,  populum  Roma- 
num  coepit^^  facti  paenitere^^;    aetati  Scipionis  maxime 
diffidebant.       Quod   ubi    animadvertit    Scipio,    advocata 
contione  ita  magno  elatoque^^  animo  de  bello  quod  geren-  1 5 
dum  esset  disseruit^^  ut  homines  cura  liberaret   speque 
certissima  impleret. 

1.  interfecti  essent,  mortut  es-  1 1,  old.     See  idioms. 
sent.  12.  that  he  was  a  candidate. 

2.  optimum   visum  est.      The  13.  ex  quo. 

subject  is   the   following  infini-  14.  Par.  ne   uno  quidem   ex- 

tive  clause.  cepto.     See  idioms. 

3.  et  in  ilium  locum.  15.  requievit. 

4.  Vdit.  manifestum  erat.  16.  incepit.     It  is  used  imper- 

5.  a  general    assembly    was  sonally  here. 

called.  17.  repent.     Remember   that 

6.  at  first.  this  verb  takes  the  accusative  of 

7.  VdiX.  pilblice  confiterentur.  the  person  and  the  genitive  of 

8.  trzstis.  the  thing. 

9.  Par.  paene  sine  consilio.  18.  alto,  excelso. 

10.  paene ^pr ope.  19.  dtxii,  lociitus  est. 


72  VIRI  ROMAE. 

68.  Profectus  in  Hispaniam,  Carthaginem  Novam  ezpugna- 
vit  et  dementia  in  Celtiberonim  principem  adulescen- 
tem,  earn  gentem  Romanis  coniunxit. 

Profectus  igitur   in    Hispaniam    Scipio    Carthaginem 

5  Novam,  ^quo  die  venit,  expugnavit.  ^Eo  congestae  erant 
'  omnes  paene  Africae  et  Hispaniae  opes^,  ibi  arma,  ibi 
pecunia,  ibi  totius  Hispaniae  obsides  erant  ;  quibus  om- 
nibus potitus  est*  Scipio.  Inter  captivos  ad  eum  adducta 
est  eximiae^  formae  adulta  virgo.     Quam  ubi  comperit^ 

10  inlustri  loco  inter  Celtiberos  natam^  principique  eius  gentis 
adulescenti  desponsam^  esse,  arcessitis^  parentibus  et 
sponso^^,  eam  reddidit.  Parentes  virginis,  qui  ^^ad  eam 
redimendam  satis  magnum  auri  pondus  attulerant,  Scipi- 
onem  orabant  ut  id  a  se  donum  acciperet.     Scipio  aurum 

15  ante  pedes  poni  iussit  vocatoque  ad  se  virginis  sponso, 
"  Super^  dotem^V'  inquit,  "quam  accepturus  a  socero^* 
es,  haec  tibi  a  me  dotalia  dona  accedent^V'  aurumque 
tollere^^  ac  sibi  habere  iussit.  Ille  domum  reversus  ^''ad 
referendam  Scipioni  gratiam  Celtiberos  Romanis  concili- 

20  avit. 

1.  eo  die  quo  venit.  11.  to  ransom  her. 

2.  in  id  oppidum,  12.  in  addition  to. 

3.  dtvitiae,  opulentia.  13.  Dos    est    id    quod   datur 

4.  potior  takes  the  ablative.  puellae  quae   in    mdtrimonium 

5.  egregiae^  praestantis.  datur. 

6.  invenit.  14.  father-in-law. 

7.  ortam.  15.  addentur. 

8.  in    mdtrimonium    promis-  16.  V^x.  de  terrd  levdre. 
sam.  17.  to   requite     the   favor    to 

9.  ad  se  vocdtts.  Scipio.     See  idioms. 
10.  her  betrothed. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        73 

69.     Scipio  Hasdnibalem  expellit;  captivos  partim  dimit- 
tit  partim  vendit.     Narratio  de  Massiva,  captivo  regio. 

Deinde  Scipi5  Hasdrubalem  victum  ex  Hispania  expu- 
lit.     Castris  hostium  potitus  omnem  praedam^  militibus 
concessit^,  captivos  Hispanos  sine  pretio  domum  dimisit;    5 
Afros  vero  vendl  iussit.     Erat  inter  eos  puer  adultus  regii 
generis,  forma  insigni^,  quern  cum  percontaretur'*  Scipio 
quis  et  cuias^  esset,  et  cur  ^id  aetatis  in  castris  fuisset, 
"  Numida    sum,"    inquit    puer,    "  Massivam    populares'^ 
vocant ;    orbus^  a  patre  relictus,  apud  avum  maternum,  10 
Numidiae  regem,  educatus  sum.      Cum  avunculo^  Masi- 
nissa,  qui  nuper^^   subsidi5    Carthaginiensibus   venit,  in 
Hispaniam  traieci  ;  prohibitus  propter   aetatem  a  Masi- 
nissa  numquam  ante"  proelium  inii.     Eo  die  qu5  pugna- 
tum   est  cum   Romanis,   inscio^^  avunculo,  clam^^  armis  15 
equoque  sumpto^*,  in  aciem  exii  ;  ibi  prolapso  equo  cap- 
tus  sum  a  Romanis."     Scipio  eum  interrogate^  velletne 
ad  avunculum  reverti  ?     Cum  effusis  gaudi5  lacrimis  id 
vero  se  cupere  puer  diceret,  tum  Scipi5  puer5  anulum^^ 
aureum   equumque    ornatum    donat  datisque   qui   X.vX^'^  20 
deducerent  equitibus^^,  dimisit. 

1.  spolia.  10.  lately. 

2.  dedit.  II.  An  adverb. 

3.  eximid.  12.  nescio^  tgnorante. 

4.  interrogdret.  13.  occulte,  20^^.  palam. 

5.  unde,  ex  quo  loco.  14.  capto. 

6.  at  that  time  of  life  ;  see  In-  15.  percontdtur. 
troduction  IV,  16,  4,  c.  16.  ring. 

7.  elves  met.  17.  An   adverb  =  sine   pert- 

8.  sine  parentibus.  culo. 

9.  maternal  uncle.  18.    abl.  abs.  with  datis. 


74  VIRI  ROMAE, 

70.  Scipio   regis  appellationem   per   magnitudinem   animi 

denegat. 

Cum  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio  se  erga  Hispanos  cle- 
menter  gessisset\  circumfusa  multitudo  eum  regem  in- 

5  genti^  consensu  appellavit ;  at  Scipio  silentio  per  prae- 
conem^  facto,  ^'Nomen  imperatoris,"  inquit,  "  qu5  me 
mei  milites  appellarunt,  mihi  maximum  est :  regium 
nomen,  alibi*  magnum,  Romae  intolerabile  est.  Si  id 
amplissimum^  iudicatis®  quod  regale  est,  vobis  licet  exi- 

10  stimare  regalem  in  me  esse  animum;  sed  oro^  vos  ut  a 
regis  appellatione  abstineatis."  Sensere^  etiam  barbari 
magnitudinem  animi  qua  Scipio  id  aspernabatur^  quod 
ceteri  mortales  admirantur  et  concupiscunt^'^. 

1.  se  gerere.     See  idioms.  6.  putdtis^  extstimdiis. 

2.  immensdy  mdxitnd.  7.  petOy  rogo. 

3.  herald.  8.  vtdertc7tt,  intellexerunt. 

4.  alid  in  loco.  9.  rHciebat. 

5.  cldrissimum.  10.  vehementer  cupiunt. 

71.  Scipio,    recepta    Hispania,    in  Africam    legatum   cum 
15         donis   misit   qui   amicitiam  Syphacis,  Maurorum   regis, 

conciliaret. 

Scipi5,  recepta  Hispania,  cum  iam  bellum  in  ipsam  Afri- 
cam transferre  meditaretur,  conciliandos  prius  regum  et 
gentium  animos  existimavit.  Syphacem,  Maurorum  re- 
20  gem,  opulentissimum  totius  Africae  regem,  quem  magno 
Usui  sibi  fore^  speraret,  primum  temptare  statuitl  Itaque 
legatum  cum  donis  ad  eum  misit  C.  Laelium,  quocum 
intima  familiaritate  vivebat.     Syphax  amicitiam  Roma- 

I.  futurum  esse.  2.  decrevit. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        75 

norum  se  accipere  adnuit^  sed  fidem  nee  dare  nee  acci- 
pere  nisi  cum  ipso  coram^  duee  R5mano  voluit. 

I.  adsensitf  adfirmdvit.  2.  face  to  face, 

72.  Scipio   ipse  in  Africam   traiecit   et  ibi  Hasdrubalem 

hostem  forte  invenit. 

Scipio  igitur  in  Africam  traiecit.    Forte  ita  incidit  ut  eo    5 
ipso  tempore  Hasdrubal,  pulsus  ex  Hispania,  ad  eundem    . 
portum  appelleret^  Syphacis  amicitiam  pariter  petlturus^ 
Uterque  a  rege  in  hospitiiim  invitatus^     *Cenatum  simul 
apud  regem  est,  eodem  etiam  lecto^  Scipio  atque  Has- 
drubal accubuerunt^.      Tanta  autem  inerat  comitas^  in  lo 
Scipione  ut  non  Syphacerp  modo  sed  etiam  hostem  infe- 
stissimum^  Hasdrubalem  sibi  conciliaret.     Scipio  ^foedere 
icto  cum  Syphace  in  Hispaniam  ad  exercitum  rediit. 

1.  admoverety  put  itiy  bring  to  5.  couch, 
land;  sc.  ndvem.    cf.  p.  48,  1. 11.  6.  reclined. 

2.  Expresses  purpose.  7.  bentgnitdSy  adfdbilitds, 

3.  sc.  est.  8.  inimtcissimum. 

4.  They   dined  together  with  9.  Par.  amicitid  confirtndtd. 
the  king. 

73.  Masinissa,  amicitiam  cmn  Scipione  iimgere  cupiens,  in 
conloquium  cimi  eo  venit.      Scipio  eum  in  societatem  15 
recepit. 

Masinissa  quoque  amicitiam  cum  Scipione  iungere  4am 
dudum  cupiebat.  Qua  re  ad  eum  tres  Numidarum  prin- 
cipes  misit  ad  tempus  locumque  conloqui5  statuenduml 
Duos  pro  obsidibus  retineri  a  Scipi5ne  iubet;  remisso  20 

\,  had  long  desired,  2.,  praescrtbenduniy  adstgnandum. 


76  VIRI  ROMAE, 

tertio  qui  Masinissam  ad  locum  constitutum  adduceret, 
Scipio  et  Masinissa  cum  paucis  in  conloquium  venerunt. 
Ceperat  iam  ante^  Numidam  ex  fama^  rerum  gestarum 
admirati5  viri,  sed  maior  praesentis^  veneratio  cepit  ;  erat 

5  enim  in  voltu^  maiestas  summa  ;  accedebat^  ^promissa 
caesaries  habitusque^  corporis,  non  ^cultus  munditiis,  sed 
virilis  vere  ac  militaris  et  florens  iuventa.  Prope  attoni- 
tus  ipso  congressu  Numida  ^gratias  de  filio  fratris  remiss5 
agit:  adfirmat  se  ex  eo  tempore  eam  quaesivisse  occa- 

lo  sionem,  quam  tandem  oblatam^^  non  omiserit^^ ;  cupere 
se  illi  et  popul5  Romano  ^^operam  navare.  Laetus  eum 
Scipio  audivit  atque  in  societatem  recepit. 

1.  An  adverb.  7.  format  figiira^  species. 

2.  rumor e.  8.  orndtus  elegantid. 

3.  sc.  virt.  9.  grdtids   .    .    .    agit.     See 

4.  facie.  idioms. 

5.  addebdtur.  10.  datam. 

6.  long  hair.  11.  praetermlserit. 

12.  auxilium  dare. 

74.     Scipio    Romam    rediit    et    consul   factus   in   Siciliam 
provinciam    suam    traiecit.      Narratur    quo    modo    sine 
i^         publica  impensa^  Scipio  suos  equites  paraverit. 

Scipio  deinde  Romam  rediit  et  ^ante  annos  consul 
factus  est.  Sicilia  ei  provincia  decreta  est  permissum- 
que^  ut  in  Africam  inde*  traiceret.  Qui  cum  vellet  ex 
fortissimis  peditibus  Romanis  trecentorum  equitum  nume- 
20  rum  complere  nee  posset  illos  subito  armis  et  equis  in- 
struere^,  id  prudenti  consilio  perfecit.     Namque  ex  omni 

1.  cf.  expense.  3.  sc.  est. 

2.  sc.  iHstos.    See  idioms.  4.  i.e.  ex  Sicilid. 

5.  adorndre. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.         77 

Sicilia  trecentos  iuvenes  ndbilissimos  et  ditissim5s,  ^qui 
equis  militarent  et  secum  in  Africam  traicerent,  legit^ 
diemque  eis  edixit  qua  equis  armisque  instructi^  atque 
ornati  adessent.  Gravis^  ea  militia^,  procul  domo,  terra 
marique  multos  labores,  magna  pericula  adlatura  vide-  5 
batur ;  neque  ipsos  modo,  sed  parentes  cognatosque^ 
eorum  ea  cura  angebat"^.  Ubi  dies  quae  dicta  erat  adve- 
nit,  arma  equosque  ostenderunt^,  sed  ^omnes  fere^^  lon- 
ginquum  et  grave  bellum  horrere"  apparebat.  Tunc 
Scipio  militiam  eis  se  remissurum  ait^^  si  arma  et  equos  lo 
militibus  Romanis  voluissent  tradere.  Laeti  condicionem 
acceperunt  iuvenes  Siculi.  Ita  Scipio  sine  publica  im- 
pensa  suos  instruxit  ornavitque  equites. 

1.  to  serve  as  cavalry.  7.  vexdbat,  sollicitos  reddebat. 

2.  elegit,     cf.  elect,  8.  monstrdverunt. 

3.  pardtt.  9.  omnes  .  .  .  horrere  is  sub- 

4.  ace.   plural   agreeing  with       ject  of  appdrebat. 
labores.  10.  paene,  prope. 

5.  helium.  II.  vehementer  timer e, 

6.  coniUnctos  sanguine.  12.  dixit. 


75.    Scipio   ex    Sicilia  in  Africam   magno   militum  ardore 
profectus,  castra  in  prozimis  tumulis  posuit.     Specula-  15 
tores    hostium   in    castris   captos  non  solum  sine  sup- 
plicio  dimisit,  sed  etiam  totum  ezercittmi  ostendit. 

Tunc  Scipio  ex  Sicilia  in  Africam  vento  secundo  pro- 
fectus est  tanto  militum  ardore,  ut  non  ad  bellum  duci 
viderentur,    sed  ad  certa  victoriae  praemia.      Celeriter  20 
naves  e  conspectu  Siciliae  ablatae  sunt  ^conspectaque  brevi 

I.  Or.  et  brevt  {tempore)  Africae  Ittora  conspecta  (sunt). 


78  VIRI  ROMAE. 

tempore  Africae  litora.  Scipio  cum  egrediens^  ad  terram  e 
navi  prolapsus  esset^  et  ob  hoc  attonitos^  milites  cerneret, 
id  quod  trepidationem  adferebat  in  hortationem  conver- 
tens,  "Africam  oppressiV  inquit^,  "  milites  !  "     ^Expositis 

5  copiis  in  proximis  tumulis  castra  metatus  est"^.  Ibi  spe- 
culatores  hostium  in  castris  deprehensos  et  ad  se  per- 
ductos  nee  supplicio  affecit  nee  de  consiliis  ac  viribus^ 
Poenorum  percontatus  est^,  sed  ^^circa  omnes  Romani 
exercitus  manipulos  curavit  deducendos ;  deinde  interro- 

lo  gatos  num"  ea  satis  considerassent  quae  specularP  erant 
iussi,  prandio^^  dato  incolumes^^  dimisit. 

1.  exiens.  7.  posuit. 

2.  cecidisset.  8.  copits. 

3.  metu  permotos.  9.  interrogdvit. 

4.  A  pun :  the  word  being  10.  Par.  dedit  manddta  ut 
used  in  the  sense  of  *  press  circa  totum  Romdnutn  exercitum 
against  or  upon  '  or  of  '  conquer^  dedHcerentur. 

or  subdue.^  1 1 .  whether. 

5.  dixit,  ait.  12.   tnspicere^explordre. 

6.  Par.    copiis   e   ndvibus    dl-  13.  cibo. 

missis.  14.  salvos,  integros. 


76.     Masinissa  se  Scipiom  coniunxit,  sed  Sypbax,  qui  ad 
Poenos  defecerat,  victus  Romam  missus  est. 

Scipioni  in  Africam  advenienti  Masinissa  se  coniunxit 

15  cum  parva  equitum  turma^     Syphax  vero  a  Romanis  ad 

Poenos  defecerat.     Hasdrubal,  Poenorum  dux,  Syphax- 

que   Scipiom  se   opposuerunt,  qui  utriusque  castra  una 

nocte  perrupit^  et  incendit.     Syphax  ipse  captus  et  vivus 

I.  manU,  2.  penetrdvit,  vi  ingressus  est. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        79 

ad  Scipionem  pertractus  est\  ^Syphacem  in  castra  ad- 
duci  cum  esset  nuntiatum,  omnis  velut  ad  spectaculum 
triumphi  multitudo  effusa  est ;  praecedebat  ipse  vinctus^, 
sequebatur  grex*  nobilium  Maurorum.  ^Movebat  omnes 
fortuna  viri  cuius  amicitiam  olim  Scipio  petierat.  Regem  5 
aliosque  captives  Romam  misit  Scipio;  Masinissam  qui 
egregie^  rem  Romanam  adiuverat^  aurea  corona  donavit 

1.  deductus  est.  4.  multitudo. 

2.  Or.  cum  nuntiatum  esset  5.  Or.  fortuna  virl  cUius  ami- 
Syphdcem  in  castra  addUch  om-  citiam  Scipio  olim  petierat^  omnes 
nis  multiiUdd,  etc.  movebat. 

3.  in  vinculis.  6.  eximie,  excellenter. 

7.  auxilium  dederat^  with  the  dative. 

77.  Hannibal    ex    Italia    ad  defendendam   patriam  revo- 

catur. 

Haec  et  aliae  quae  sequebantur  clades^  Carthaginien-  10 
sibus  tantum  terroris  intulerunt  ut  Hannibalem  ex  Italia 
ad  tuendam  patriam  revocarent.  ^Frendens  gemensque 
ac  vix  lacrimis  temperans^  is  dicitur  legatorum  verba 
audisse  mandatisque  paruisse*.  Respexit  s^epe  Italiae 
litora,  semet  accusans  quod  n5n  victorem  exercitum  sta-  15 
tim  ab  Cannensi  pugna  Romam  duxisset. 

1.  calamitdtes.  3.  abstinens^  parcens. 

2.  gnashing  his  teeth  and  4.  to  have  obeyed^  with  the 
groaning.                                              dative. 

78.  Hannibal   et    Scipio   ad   conloquium   conveniunt,  sed 
pace  non  facta  pugnatum  est  et  Hannibal  victus  fugit. 

Zamam  venerat  Hannibal,  quae  urbs  quinque  dierum 
iter  a  Carthagine  abest,  et  nuntium  ad  Scipionem  misit  20 


80  VIRI  ROMAE. 

ut  conloquendi  secum  potestatem  faceret.  Scipio  cum 
conloquium  haud  abnuisset^  dies  locusque  constituitur. 
Itaque  congress!  sunt^  duo  clarissimi  suae  aetatis^  duces. 
Steterunt  ^aliquam  diu  taciti  mutuaque  admiratione  defixi. 

5  Cum  vero  de  condicionibus  pacis  ^inter  eos  non  convenis- 
set,  ad  suos  ^se  receperunt  renuntiantes^  armis  decernen- 
dum^  esse.  Commisso  deinde  proelio,  Hannibal  victus 
cum  quattuor  equitibus  fugit.  ^Ceterum  constat  utrum- 
que  de  alter5  c5nfessum  esse  ^^nec  melius  instrui  aciem 

lo  nee  acrius  potuisse  pugnari. 

1.  reiecisset,  recusdvisset.  8.  dectdendum^depugnandum. 

2.  convenerunt.  9.  Par.  sed  firtna  opinio  om- 

3.  temporiSf  saecult.  nium  est. 

4.  for  some  time,  10.  that  the   battle-line   could 

5.  non  consensissent.  not    have    been   better    arranged 

6.  reverterunt^  redierunt.  nor  the  battle  more  bravely  fought. 

7.  referentesy  decldrantes. 


79.  Scipio  victis  Carthaginiensibus  leges  imposuit  et 
Romam  revertit  ubi  Africanus  ab  gratulantibus  civibus 
appelLatus  est. 

Carthaginienses  metu  perculsi^  ad  petendam  pacem 
15  oratdres^  mittunt,  triginta  civitatis  principes.  Qui  ubi 
in  castra  R5mana  venerunt,  veniam^  civitati  petebant, 
non  culpam  purgantes'*  sed  initium  culpae  in  Hannibalem 
transferentes.  Victis  leges  imposuit  Scipio.  Legati,  cum 
nullas  condiciones  recusarent^,  Romam  profecti  sunt,  ut, 
20  quae  a  Scipione  pacta  essent^,  ea  patrum  ac  populi  aucto- 

1.  impulsty  permoti.  4.  excilsantes. 

2.  legdtos.  5.  reicerent. 

3.  remissionem.  6.  constituta  essent. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        81 

ritate  confirmarentur.  Ita  pace  terra  marique  parta^  Sci- 
pio  exercitu  in  naves  imposito  Romam  revertit.  Ad 
quem  advenientem  concursus  ingens^  factus  est:  effusa 
non  ex  urbibus  modo,  sed  etiam  ex  agris  multitude  viam 
obsidebat^.  Scipio  inter  gratulantium  plausus  triumpho  5 
omnium  clarissimo  '^urbem  est  invectus  ^primusque  no- 
mine victae  a  se  gentis  est  nobilitatus  Africanusque 
appellatus. 

1.  facta.  5.  prlmusque  .  .  .  nobilitatus y 

2.  immensus.  and  he  was  the  first  to  be  made 

3.  occupdbat.  famous. 

4.  Par.  in  urbem  ductus  est. 

80.     Opinio    populi    de    Scipione    quae    confirmata    dictis 

eius  factisque  est.  10 

Ex  his  rebus  gestis^  virum  eum  esse  virtutis  divinae 
volgo^  creditum  est.  ^Id  etiam  dicere  haud  piget  quod 
scriptores  de  eo  litteris  mandaverunt^,  Scipionem  consue- 
visse^,  ^priusquam  dilucesceret,  in  Capitolium  ventitare' 
ac  iubere  aperiri  cellam  lovis  atque  ibi  solum  diu  demo-  15 
rarf ,  quasi  consultantem  de  re  publica  cum  love :  aedi- 
tuosque^  eius  templi  saepe  esse  miratos,  quod  eum  ^^id 
temporis  in  Capitolium  ingredientem  canes,  semper  in 
alios  saevientes^^  non  latrarent^^.      ^^Has  volgi  de   Sci- 

1.  tractis^  dctis.  9.  custddes. 

2.  Adiw.  =  ab  omnibus.  10.  eo  tempore. 

3.  /  am,  not  reluctant  to  tell            11.  furentes. 
this  too.  ,            12.  bark. 

4.  trddiderunt.  13.  Or.    dicta   factaqu?    eius 

5.  consuetUdinem  habuisse.  pleraque  admiranda   videbantur 

6.  ante  lUcem.  confirmdre  atque  approbdre  has 

7.  frequenter  venire.  optniones  volgi  de  Scipione. 

8.  manere. 


82  VIRI  ROMAE. 

pione  opiniones  confirmare  atque  approbare  videbantur 
dicta  factaque  eius  pleraque  admiranda,  ex  quibus  est 
unum  huiuscemodi^ :  assidebat^  oppugnabatque  oppi- 
dum   in    Hispania,    situ    moenibusque   ac   defensoribus 

5  validum  et  munitum,  re  etiam  cibaria^  copiosum,  neque 
ulla  eius  potiendi*  spes  erat.  Quodam  die  ius^  in  ca- 
stris  sedens  dicebat  Scipio  atque  ex  eo  loco  id  oppidum 
procul  videbatur.  Turn  e  militibus  qui  in  itire  apud  eum 
stabant,  interrogavit  quispiam^  ex  more  in  quern  diem 

lo  locumque  Vades  sisti  iuberet.  Et  Scipio  manum  ad 
ipsam  oppidi  quod  obsidebatur  arcem  protendens, 
"  PerendieV  inquit,  "  sese  sistant  illo  in  loco "  atque 
ita  factum^.  Die  tertia  in  quam  vades  sisti  iusserat, 
oppidum  captum  est.     Eodem  die  in  arce  eius  oppidi 

15  iiis  dixit. 

1.  as  follows.  6.  qutdam^    subject   of   inter- 

2.  obsidebat.  rogdvit,  connect  with  e  militibus. 

3.  frumentdrid.  7.  he  ordered  the  securities  to 

4.  capiendt.  appear, 

5.  Object  of  dicebaty  tr.  was           8.  die  tertid. 
pronouncing  judgment.  9.  sc.  est. 

81.     Hannibal  victus  ad  Antiochum  Syriae  regem  confu- 
git  ubi  cum  Scipione  conlocutus  est. 

Hannibal  a  Scipione  victus  suisque  invisus^  ad  Antio- 
chum Syriae  regem  confugit  eumque  hostem  Romanis 
20  fecit.  Missi  sunt  Roma  legati  ad  Antiochum,  in  quibus 
erat  Scipio  Africanus  ;  qui,  cum  Hannibale  Ephesi^  con- 
locutus, ab  eo  quaesivit  quem  fuisse  maximum  impera- 
torem  crederet.     Respondit  Hannibal  Alexandrum  Mace- 

I.  odidsus.  2.  Locative. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS,         83 

donum  regem  maximum  sibi  videri,  quod  parva  manu 
innumerabiles  exercitus  fudisset^  Quaerenti  deinde 
quern  secundum  poneret,  *'  Pyrrhum,"  inquit,  "  quod 
primus  ^castra  metari  docuit  nemoque  ill5  elegantius  loca 
cepit  et  praesidia  disposuit.''  Sciscitanti^  denique  quern  5 
tertium  duceret'*,  semet  ipsum  dixit.  Tum  ridens  Scipi5, 
^"  Quidnam  tu  diceres,"  inquit,  "  si  me  vicisses  ?  "  Turn 
me^  vero,"  respondit  Hannibal,  *^  et  ante  Alexandrum  et 
ante  Pyrrhum  et  ante  omnes  alios  imperatores  posuis- 
sem."  Ita  improviso  adsentationis^  genere  Scipionem  e  lo 
grege  imperatorum  velut  inaestimabilem  secernebat^. 

T.  dispersisset.  5.    What  in  the  world  would 

2.  limites  castrorum  statuere.  you  have  said? 

3.  quaerentu  6.  Obj.  of  posuissem, 

4.  putdretf  haberet.  7.  flattery. 

8.  separdbat,  dividebat. 

82.     Scipio  imperator,  non  bellator.i 

Scipio  ipse  fertur^  quondam  dixisse,  cum  eum  quidam 
parum  pugnacem  dicerent,  "  Imperatorem  me  mater,  non 
bellatorem  peperit^".    Idem  dicere  solitus  est,  non  solum  15 
dandam  esse   viam  fugientibus,  sed  etiam  muniendam*. 

1.  aptus  bello.  3.  credvit,  genuit. 

2.  dtcitur.  4.  faciendam. 

83.     Scipio,  legatus  Luci  fratris,  in  Asiam  profectus  est. 

Decreto  adversus  Antiochum  bello  cum  Syria  provincia 
obvenisset^  Lucio  Scipioni,  ^quia  parum  in  eo  putabatur 

1.  had  fallen  to  the  lot. 

2.  Or.  quia  parum  animt  putabatur  in  eo  esse. 


84  VIRI  ROMAE. 

esse  animi,  parum  roboris,  senatus  gerendi  htiius  belli 
curam  mandari^  volebat  conlegae  eius  C.  Laelio.  Surgens 
tunc  Scipio  Africanus,  f  rater  maior^  Luci  Scipionis,  ill  am 
familiae  ignominiam  deprecatus  est :  dixit  in  fratre  suo 

5  summam  esse  virtutem,  summum  consilium^,  seque  ei 
legatum  fore  promisit.  Quod  cum  ab  eo  esset  dictum, 
nihil  est  de  Luci  Scipionis  provincia  commutatum:  itaque 
f rater  natu  maior  minori  legatus  in  Asiam  profectus  est 
et  tarn  diu  eum  cdnsilio  operaque  adiuvit^,  donee  trium- 

lo  phum  ille  et  cognomen  Asiatici  peperisset^ 


I.  dart. 

3.  prudentiam. 

2.  sc.  ndtii. 

4.  auxilium  dedit. 

5.  compar  avis  set. 

84.    Antiochus  filium  Publi  Scipionis  cepit  sed  incolumem 
eum  remisit. 

Eodem  bello  filius  Scipionis  Africani  captus  est  et  ad 
Antiochum  deductus.     Benigne  et  liberaliter  adulescen- 

15  tem  rex  habuit\  quamquam  ab  eius  patre  ^tum  maxime 
finibus  imperi  pellebatur.  Cum  deinde  pacem  Antiochus 
a  Romanis  peteret,  legatus  eius  Publium  Scipionem  adiit 
eique  filium  sine  pretio  redditurum  regem  dixit,  si  per  eum 
pacem  impetrasset^.     Cui  Scipio  respondit,  *'  Abi,  nuntia 

20  regi,  me  pro  tanto  munere*  %ratias  agere  ;  sed  nunc 
aliam  gratiam^  non  possum  referre  quam  ut  ei  suadeam^ 
ut  bello  absistat  et  pacis  condicionem  nullam  recuset." 
Pax   non   convenit  ;    tamen    Antiochus    Scipioni   filium 

1.  tractdvit.  5.  See  idioms. 

2.  just  at  that  time.  6.  grdtiam  referre.      See  idi- 

3.  obtinuisset.  oms. 

4.  dono.  7.  horter,  moneam. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.         85 

remisit  tantique  virl  maiestatem  venerari^  quam  dolorem 
suum  ulcisci  maluit^ 

I.  coUre,  2.  wished  rather. 


85.  Victo  Antiocho  Scipio,  indignatus  quod  de  praeda 
quaeritur  et  sua  innocentia  in  dubium  vocatur,  rati- 
onum^  librum  diripuit  et  senatum  adlocutus  est.  5 

Victo  Antioch5  cum  praedae  ratio  a  L.  Scipione  repo- 
sceretur^,  Africanus  prolatum  ab  eo  librum,  ^quo  acceptae 
et  expensae  summae  continebantur  et  refelli*  inimicorum 
accusatio  poterat,  discerpsit,  indignatus  de  ea  re  dubitari^ 
quae  sub  ipso  legato  administrata  esset.  Quin  etiam  lo 
%unc  in  modum  verba  fecit:  ''''^Non  est  quod  quaeratis, 
patres  conscripti,  num  parvam  pecuniam  in  aerarium 
rettulerim,  qui  antea  illud  Punico  auro  repleverim,  neque 
mea  innocentia  potest  in  dubium  vocari.  Cum  Africam 
totam  potestati  vestrae  subiecerim,  nihil  ex  ea  praeter  15 
cognomen  rettuli,  Non  igitur  me  Punicae^,  non  fratrem 
meum  Asiaticae  gazae^  avarum  reddiderunt ;  sed  uterque 
nostrum  invidia  quam  pecunia  est  locupletior^^.''  Tam 
constantem^^  defensionem  Scipionis  universus  senatus 
comprobavit  20 

1 .  of  accounts.  6.  ita  dixit. 

2.  repeteretur.  7.  You  have  no  reason  to  ask. 

3.  in  which  the  sums  received  8.  sc.  gazae  avdrum   reddide- 
and  expended  were  entered  and  runt. 

by  which  ...  9.  divitiae. 

4.  refutdrt.  lo.  dtvitior. 

5.  Used  impersonally.  11.  firmam. 


86  VIRI  ROMAE. 

86.  Deinde  tribuni  plebis  fraude  Scipionem  accusavenint, 
sed  ille  causam  non  dixit  et  ab  urbe  in  Literninum 
concessit. 

Deinde    Scipioni    Africano    duo   tribuni    plebis  Miem 

5  dixerunt,  quod  praeda  ex  Antiocho  capta  aerarium  frau- 
dasset.  Ubi  causae  dicendae^  dies  venit,  Scipio  magna 
hominum  frequentia  in  Forum  est  deductus.  lussus  cau- 
sam dicere  rostra  conscendit  et  corona  triumphal!  capiti 
suo  imposita,  "  Hoc  ego  die/'  inquit,  "  Hannibalem  Poe- 

lo  num,  imperio  nostro  inimicissimum,  magno  proelio  vici 
in  terra  Africa  pacemque  nobis  et  victoriam  peperi^  inspe- 
rabilem.  Ne  igitur  simus  adversus  deos  ingrati,  sed  '^cen- 
seo  relinquamus  nebulones  h5s  eamusque  nunc  protinus 
in    Capitolium   lov!  optimo  maximo  supplicatum^"      A 

15  rostris  in  Capitolium  ascendit;  simuP  se  universa  con- 
tio'^  ab  accusatoribus  avertit  et  secuta  Scipionem  est,  nee 
quisquam  praeter  ^praeconem  qui  reum  citabat,  cum  tri- 
btinis  remansit.  Celebratior  is  dies  favore  hominum  fuit 
^quam  quo  triumphans  de  Syphace  rege  et  Carthaginien- 

20  sibus  urbem  est  ingressus.  Inde,  ne  amplius  tribuniciis 
iniuriis  vexaretur,  in  Literninum  concessit,  ubi  reliquam 
egit  aetatem^^  sine  urbis  desiderio^\ 

1.  diem  constitnerunt^  i.e.  for  6.  eddem  tempore. 
the  trial.  7.  conventus. 

2.  defendendae.  8.  the  herald  who  summoned 

3.  compardvt.  the  accused. 

4.  Par.  moneo  ut  hos  falldces  9.  than  the  one  on  which, 
homines  relinquamus.  10.  tempus  vttae. 

5.  Supine  expressing  purpose.  11.  longing. 


PUBLIUS  CORNELIUS  SCIPIO  AFRICANUS.        87 

87.     Complures   praedonum   duces    convenerunt  ut  Scipi- 
onem  viderent.     Mortuus  est  Scipio. 

Cum  in  Liternina  villa  ^se  contineret,  complures  prae- 
donum duces  ad  eum  videndum  forte  confluxerunt.  Quos 
cum  ad  vim^  faciendam  venire  existimasset,  praesidium^  5 
servorum  in  tecto^  conlocavit  aliaque  parabat  quae  ad 
eos  repellendos  opus^  erant.  Quod  ubi  praedones  ani- 
madverterunt,  abiectis  armis  ianuae  appropinquant  et 
clara  voce  nuntiant  Scipioni  se^  non  vitae  eius  hostes, 
sed  virtutis  admirat5res  venisse,  conspectum  tanti  viri,  lo 
quasi  caeleste  aliquod  beneficium,  expetentes^ ;  ^proinde 
ne  gravaretur  se  spectandum  praebere.  Haec  postquam 
audivit  Scipio  ^fores  reserari  eosque  introduci  iussit. 
lUi  postes  ianuae  tanquam  religiosissimam  aram  vene- 
rati,  cupide  Scipionis  dextram  apprehenderunt^^  ac  diu  15 
deosculati  sunt^^  ;  deinde  positis  ante  vestibulum  donis, 
laeti  ^^quod  sibi  Scipionem  ut  viderent  contigisset^^, 
domum  reverterunt.  Paulo  post  mortuus  est  Scipio 
moriensque  ab  uxore  petiit  ne  corpus  suum  Romam 
referretur.  20 

I.  aetdtem  ageret,  vtveret.  se  exhibere  or  se  ad  spectdculum 

'  2.  iniuriatn.  •  dare. 

3.  custodes.  9.  idnuds  apertrt. 

4.  domo.  10.  ceperunt. 

5.  necessdria.  li.  kissed. 

6.  Subject  of  venisse.  12.  Or.    quod   sibi   contigisset 

7.  cupientes.  ut  Scipionem  viderent. 

8.  Vzx.itaque  ne  moleste  ferret  13.  evenisset. 


88  VIRI  ROMAE. 

III. 

MARCUS    PORCIUS   CATO. 

234-149  B.C. 

Cato  is  one  of  the  best-known  and  most  striking  figures  of  Roman  history^ 
being  famous  as  a  soldier,  as  a  civil  magistrate,  and  as  a  writer.  In  every 
respect  he  was  a  typical  Roman  of  the  old  days.  As  a  soldier  he  won  renown 
in  the  Second  Punic  War.  His  hostility  to  Carthage  was  unrelenting  and 
has  become  proverbial.  He  distinguished  himself  in  civil  affairs,  especially 
by  his  censorship.  He  stood  for  all  that  was  simple,  frugal,  and  virtuous 
against  the  growing  luxury  and  corruption  of  the  time,  and  admitiistered 
his  office  so  rigorously  that  the  name  of  Censor  has  clung  to  him  to  this  day. 
Cato  wrote  on  history  and  agriculture^  and  is  among  the  earliest  writers  of 
Latin  prose. 

88.     Adulescentia  Catonis  et  sua  frugalitas  temperantiaque. 

Marcus  Porcius  Cat5,  ortus^  municipio^  Tusculo,  adu- 
lescentulus,  priusquam  hon5ribus  ^operam  daret,  ruri  in 
praediis*  paternis  versatus  est^  deinde  Romam  demigra- 

5  vit  et  in  Foro  esse  coepit.  ^Primum  stipendium  meruit 
''anndrum  decern  septemque,  Quinto  Fabio,  M.  Claudio 
c5nsulibus.  Castra  secutus  est  C.  Claudi  Neronis  eius- 
que  opera  magni^  aestimata  in  proeli5  apud  Senam,  qu5 
cecidit  Hasdrubal,  frater  Hannibalis.      Ab  adulescentia 

10  frugalitatem  temperantiamque  coluit.  ^Pellibus  haedinis 
pro  stragulis  utebatur,  eodem  cibo  quo  milites  vescebatur ; 

1.  ndtus.  7.  annorum,   etc.,  is   gen.    of 

2.  oppido.  description  modifying  the  under- 

3.  curdret,     attenderet.  See       stood  subject  of  meruit. 
idioms.  8.    gen.  of  value,  cf.  Introduc- 

4.  agrts.  tion  IV,  16,  2,  c. 

5.  mdnsit,  fuit.  9.  He  used  kid  skins  for  cover- 

6.  He    served   his  first  cam-       ings. 
paign  in  his  seventeenth  year. 


MARCUS  PORCIUS  CATO.  89 

cum  in  castris  erat,  aquam,  si  ^nimio  aestu  torqueretur, 
acetum^,  si  vires  deficerent,  paululum  vini  sumebat^. 

I.   '?2i\.vidximd calore  vexdretur.     2.  vinegar.     3.  capiebat^  bibebat 

89.     Cato  quaestor  Scipioni  Africano  qui    luxuriae  aman- 
tissimus  fuit,  cum  eo  inimice  vixit  et  Eomae  renuntiavit 
res  male  apud  exercitum  Scipionis  se  habere,  quod  cri-     5 
men  Scipio  facile  refutavit. 

Quaestor  Scipioni  Africano  obtigit^  et  cum  eo  parum 
amice  vixit  ;  nam  parsimoniae  amans,  sumptus^  quos 
Scipio  faciebat  haud  probabat.  Qua  re  eo  relicto  Ro- 
mam  rediit  ibique  Scipionis  vitam  palam^  et  acerbe  repre-  10 
hendit,  quasi'*  e5  duce  solveretur^  disciplina  militaris. 
Dictitabat^  ilium  ^cum  pallio  et  crepidis  solitum  ambulare 
in  Gymnasio,  libellis^  eum  palaestraeque  operam  dare, 
militum  licentiae  indulgere.  Quod  crimen  non  verbo, 
sed  facto  diluit^  Scipio.  Nam  cum  ea  de  re  legati  Roma  15 
Syracusas  missi  essent,  Scipio  exercitum  omnem  e5^^  con- 
venire  et  classem  expediri"  iussit,  tamquam  dimicandum^^ 
eo  die  terra  marique  cum  Carthaginiensibus  esset ;  postri- 
die  legatis  inspectantibus  pugnae  simulacrum^^  edidit. 
Tum  eis  armamentaria,  horrea^*,  omnemque  belli  appara-  20 
tum  ostendit.  Reversi  R5mam  legati  omnia  apud  exer- 
citum Scipionis  praeclare^^  se  habere  renuntiarunt. 

1.  fell  to  the  lot  of.  8.  parvts  librts. 

2.  expenditures.  9.  pUrgdvit,  refellit. 

3.  aperte^  non  occulte.  lO.  in  eum  locum. 

4.  on  the  ground  that.  11.  pardru 

5.  laxdretur.  12.  pUgnandum. 

6.  Intensive  of  ^^■(r J.  13.  imdginem. 
y.  in   a   pallium    (a   Grecian  14.  granaries. 

mantle)  and  Grecian  shoes.  1 5.  egregie^  optime^  see  idioms. 


90  VIRI  ROMAE, 

90.     Asperitas  Catonis  in  luxum  matronarum. 

Eadem  asperitate  Cato  matronarum  luxum  insectatus 
est^  Namque  in  medio  ardore  belli  Punici  Oppius, 
tribunus   plebis,  legem    tulerat^  qua  mulieres^  Romanae 

5  plus  semunciam*  aurl  habere,  vestimento  versicolor!  uti, 
iuncto^  vehiculo  in  urbe  vehi  vetabantur.  Confecto^ 
autem  bello  et  florente  re  publica,  matronae  ut  pristinus^ 
ornatus  sibi  redderetur  postulabant  ;  omnes  vias  urbis 
obsidebant    virosque    ad    Forum    descendentes    orabant 

10  ut  legem  Oppiam  abrogarent.  Quibus  acerrima  oratione 
restitit  Cato,  sed  frustra,  nam  lex  est  abrogata. 

1.  persecutus  est.  4.  a  half -ounce. 

2.  proposuerat  5.  sc.  equis. 

3.  Subject  of  vetabantur.  6.  finttd. 

7.  anttquus. 

91.     Cato    consul    in    Hispaniam    profectus     est.      Victor 
Romam  reversus  de  Hispania  triumphavit. 

Cato,  creatus  consul,  in  Hispaniam  adversus  Celtiberos 
15  profectus  e5s  acri  proelio  victos  ad  deditionem  compulit. 
Eo  in  bello  cum  ultimis^  militum  parsim5nia,  vigiliis, 
labore  certabat^  nee  in  quemquam  gravius  severiusque 
imperium  exercebat  quam  in  ^semet  ipsum.  Cum  Hispa- 
nos  ad  defectionem  pronos*  vidisset,  ^cavendum  iudicavit 
20  ne  possent  rebellare.  Id  autem  effecturus  sibi  videbatur, 
si  eorum  mur5s  diruisset^     Sed  veritus  ne,  si  id  universis 

1.  lowest,  humblest.  4.  incltndtos,  proclives. 

2.  cum  ultimTs  certdbat=^ulti-  5.  Vzx. putdvit  prospiciendum 
mos  supei'dre  condbdtur.  esse. 

3.  Emphatic  form  of  se.  6.  evertisset. 


MARCUS  PORCIUS  CATQ.  91 

civitatibus  imperasset  communi  edicto,  non  obtempera- 
rent\  scripsit  singulis  ut  diruerent  munimenta^,  minatus^ 
bellum  nisi  confestim*  obtemperassent,  epistulasque  uni- 
versis  civitatibus  eodem  die  reddi  iussit.  Cum  una 
quaeque^  sibi^  soli  imperari  putaret,  universae  paruerunt.  5 
Cato  Romam  reversus  de  Hispania  triumphavit. 

1 .  pdrere7ity  dido  audlrent,  5.  sc.  civitds. 

2.  tnoenia.  6.    dat.  after  imperari  used 

3.  threatening.  impersonally. 

4.  moxy  statinif  sine  mora. 

92.     Disciplinae  militaris  exemplum. 

Disciplinam  militarem  summa  servabat  severitate.  Ab 
hostili  quondam  litore,  in  quo  per  aliquot  dies  manserat, 
cum  ter  dato  profectionis  signo  classem^  solvisset^  et  10 
^relictus  e  militibus  quidam  a  terra  voce  et  gestu  *expo- 
stularet  uti  tolleretur,  circumacta  ad  litus  iiniversa  classe, 
comprehensum  supplicio  adfici  iussit  et  quem  ^occisuri  ^per 
ignominiam  hostes  fuerant,  exemplo  potius  impendit^. 

1.  naves.  versa  classe  ad  litus  circumacta^ 

2.  loosed,  cf .  30,  n.  4.  eum^  comprehendi  et  supplicio  ad- 

3.  Or.  quidam  e  militifhis  re-       fid  iussit. 

lictus.  5.  occisuri   .    .    .   fuerant  = 

4.  Par.   and    or.    vehementer       would  have  killed, 
postuldret    ut    auferretur,    uni-  6.  ignominiose, 

7.  he  used. 

93.     Censor   deinde   f actus   Cato   plurimos   nobiles   severe  15 
punivit  inter  quos  Lucius  Flamininus,  vir  consularis,  fuit 

Censor  deinde  factus  severe  ei  praefuit  potestati.     Nam 
cum^  in  complures  nobiles  animadvertit  tum^  imprimis^ 

I.  non  solum  .  .  .  sed  etiam,  2.  praesertimy  mdxime. 


92  VIRI  ROMAE. 

Lucium  Flamininum,  virum  consularem,  senatu  m5vit. 
Cui  inter  cetera  facinora^  illud  obiecit.  Cum  esset  in 
Gallia  Flamininus,  mulierem  famosam^  ad  cenam  vocavit^ 
eique  forte  inter  cenandum*  dixit  multos  ^capitis  damna- 

5  tos  in  vinculis  esse  quos  securi^  percussurus  esset^  Turn 
ilia  negavit  se  umquam  vidisse  quemquam  securi  ferien- 
tem  et  pervelle^  id  videre.  Statim  Flamininus  unum  ex 
illis  miseris  adduci  iussit  et  ipse  securi  percussit^.  Quid 
atrocius  quam  inter  pocula^^  et  epulas  ad  spectaculum^^ 

\o  mulieris  humanam  victimam  mactare^^  et  mensam  cruore 
respergere  ?  Eo  magis  autem.  ilium  puniendum  putavit 
Cato,  quod  amplissimi  honoris  maiestatem  tam  taetro^"^ 
facinore  inquinaverat^^. 


I. 

scelera. 

8.  valde  velle. 

2. 

In/dmenif  malam. 

9.  sc.  eum. 

3- 

invttdvit. 

10.  cups. 

4- 

epulandum. 

II.  e7ttertainment. 

5- 

ad  mortem  cofidemndtos. 

12.  oc cider e^  interjicere. 

6. 

axe. 

13.  foedo,  turpi,  horrido. 

7- 

caesurus  esset. 

14.  polluerat. 

15 


94.     Cato  patres  adduzit  ut  bellmn  Carthaginiensibus 
indicerent. 


Cum  in  senatu  de  tertio  Punico  bello  ageretur^  Cato 
iam  senex  delendam^  Carthaginem  censuit  negavitque  ea 
stante  salvam  esse  posse  rem  publicam.  Quod^  cum, 
contradicente  Scipione  Nasica,  non  facile  patribus  per- 
20  suaderet,  postea,  quidquid  in  senatu  c5nsultabatur,  Cato 
adiciebat^  **  Ego  censeo  Carthaginem    esse    delendam." 

1.  deliberdretur.  3.  Direct  obj.  of  persudderei. 

2.  sc.  esse.  4.  addebat. 


MARCUS  PORCIUS   CATO.  93 

Tandem  attulit  quodam  die  in  curiam  ^praecocem  ficum 
ostendensque  patribus,  "Interrogo  vos,"  inquit,  "  quando 
hanc  ficum  demptam^  putetis  ex  arbore  ?  "  Cum  omnes 
recentem  esse  dicerent,  *'^Atqui  tertium,"  inquit,  "ante 
diem  scitote  decerptam  esse  Carthagine ;  tam  prope  a 
muris  habemus  hostem."  M5vit  ea  res  patrum  animos  et 
bellum  Carthaginiensibus  indictum  est. 

1.  an  early  fig.  3.  ^^  But  yet^''    said   he^    ^^  be 

2.  detractaniy    decerptatrty    sc.       assured  that  it  was  picked  day 
esse.  before  yesterday  at  Carthage.^'' 


95.     Cato   fuit   optimus   pater   et   ipse   in   omnibus   rebus 
ffiium  instituit. 

Fuit  Cato  ut  senator  egregius  ita  bonus  pater.  Cum  10 
ei  natus  esset  filius,  nullis  negotiis  nisi  publicis  impedie- 
batur  ^quo  minus  matri  adesset  infantem  abluent!^  et 
fasciis^  involventi.  Ubi  aliquid  intellegere  potuit  puer, 
eum  pater  ipse  in  litteris  instituit^  etsi  idoneum^  et  eru- 
ditum  domi  servum  habebat.  Nolebat  enim  servum  filio  15 
maledicere  vel  aurem  vellicare^,  si  tardior  in  discendd 
esset  ;  neque'^  filium  tanti  benefici,  id  est  doctrinae,  debi- 
torem  esse  serv5.  Itaque  ipse  eius  ludi^  magister,  ipse 
legum  doctor,  ipse  lanista^  fuit.  Conscripsit  manu  sua 
grandibus  litteris  historias,  ut   etiam   in   paterna  domo  20 

1.  Tr.  ixQQly  from  being  pres-  4.  erudtvit,  docuit,  educdvit. 
ent  when  the   mother y   etc.;    but  5.  aptum. 

what  literally?  6.  to  pull. 

2.  cf.  ablution.  7.  et  non  volebat 

3.  swaddling-clothes.  8.  scholae, 

9.  athletic  trainer. 


94  VIRI  ROMAE. 

ante    oculos    proposita    haberet^   veterum^   instituta    et 
exempla. 

I.  sc.  ftlius.  2.  anttqudrum  hominum. 

961     Delectationes  agriculturae  Cato  malebat  quam  omnes 
alias  res. 

5  Agricultura  plurimum^  delectabatur  Cato  malebatque 
agrorum  et  pecorum  fructu  quam  ^faenore  ditescere.  A 
quo  cum  quaereretur  quid  maxime  in  re  familiar!  expe- 
diret^,  respondit,  *' ^Bene  pascere."  Quid  secundum^? 
"  Satis  bene  pascere."     Quid  tertium^  ?    "  Male  pascere." 

10  Quid  quartum^?  ''Arare^."  Et  cum  ille,  qui  quaesierat, 
dixisset,  '*  Quid  faenerari^  ?  ^'  tum  Cato  "  Quid^,"  inquit, 
**  hominem  occidere  ?  " 

1.  mdxime.  4.  Par.  bonds  greges  et  pecora 

2.  to  become  rich  by  usury.  alere  or  nutrire. 

3.  was  profitable.  5.  sc.  expedtret. 

6.  to  till  the  soil. 

97.     De  moribus  Catonis. 

Scripsit  ipse  villas  suas  ne  tectori5^  quidem  esse  prae- 
15  litas^  atque  addidit,  "  Neque  mihi  aedificatio^  neque  vas^ 
neque  vestimentem  ullum  est  pretiosum  ;  si  quid  est  quo 
uti  possim,  utor  ;  si  non  est,  facile  careo^  ^Mihi  vitio 
quidam  vertunt  quod  multis  egeo  ;  at  ego  illis  vitio  tri- 
buo  quod  nequeunt'^  egere."      Ipse  scriptum  reliquit  se 

1.  plaster.  5.  abstineo. 

2.  covered.  6.  Par.  Quid  am    mihi  culpae 

3.  aedificium.    ■  attribuunt  quod  multis  rebus  cared, 

4.  utensil y  dish,  7.  non  possunt. 


MARCUS  PORCIUS  CATO.  95 

numquam  vestem  induisse^  quae  maioris  preti  quam  cen- 
tum denariorum^  esset ;  ^cum  consulatum  gereret,  idem 
vinum  bibisse  ^quod  opifices,  et  obsonium^  ad  cenam  e 
Foro  comparasse^  triginta  sestertiis''  idque  rei  publicae 
causa  fecisse.  Unde^  Seneca  ait,  *'^Marcum  Catonem  5 
tam  rel  publicae  Romanae  profuit  nasci  quam  Sclpionem"; 
alter  enim  cum  hostibus  nostris  bellum,  alter  cum  mori- 
bus  gessit." 

1.  Par.  sud  carport  circumde-  6.  emisse.     Ant.  vendidisse. 
disse.  7.  A  sestertius  is  4.1  cents. 

2.  A   denarius    is    about    18  8.  quam  ob  rem. 

cents.  9.  Or.  tam  profuit  rei  publi- 

3.  V2iX.  cum  consul  esset.  cae  Rd?ndnae  Mdrcuvi   Catone^n 

4.  as  the  laboring  men.  ndscl  quam    Scipionem    {itdscT). 

5.  cibum.  tam  .  .  .  quam,  as  much  ...  as. 

98.     Fatientia  Catonis  erga  inimicos. 

Iniuriarum  patientissimus  fuit  Cato.  Cui  cum  ^cau-  10 
sam  agent!  in  frontem  mediam  inspuisset^  Lentulus  qui- 
dam,  abstersit^  faciem  et,  "Adfirmabo,"  inquit,  "omnibus, 
Lentule,  falli^  eos  qui  te  negant/os  habere."  Ab  alio 
homine  improb5  contumeliis  proscissus^,  "  IniquaV'  in- 
quit,  **  tecum  mihi  est  pugna  ;  tu  enim  probra^  facile  15 
audis  et  dicis  libenter  :  mihi  vero  et  dicere  ingratum  et 
audire    insolitum^."       Dicere    solebat   acerbos   inimicos 

1.  arguing  a  case.  See  idioms.  mouth,''   in   a   derived   sense   as 

2.  spit  into.  here,  '  to  be  impudent.^ 

3.  wiped  off.  6.  adfectus,  lacerdtus. 

4.  decipt,  in  error e  esse.  7.  inaequdlis,  imp  dr. 

5.  Used  in   a  double   sense;  8.  maledicta,  contumelids, 
literally    it    means    "^  to  have   a 

9.  inusitdtum,  praeter  consuetUdinem. 


96  VIRI  ROMAE, 

melius  de  nobis  merer!  quam  eos  amicos  qui  dulces  vide- 
rentur  ;  illos^  enim  saepe  verum  dicere,  hos  numquam. 

I.  illos  .  .  .  hos^  the  former  .  .  .  the  latter. 


99.     Cato  acute  homini  cuidam  superstitioso  respondet. 

Homo  quidam  superstitiosus  repperit^  quondam  ^cali- 
5  gas  suas  a  soricibus  adrosas.  Hoc  ostento^  turbatus^ 
consuluit^  Catonem  quid  mali  portenderetur.  Cui  ille 
"  Non  est,"  inquit,  **  ostentum,  quod  sorices  adroserunt 
caligas  ;  at  vero  si  caligae  adrosissent  soriceS;  id  fuisset 
ostentum." 

1.  discovered.  3.  omine,  prodigio. 

2.  that     his    boots    had    been  4.  perterritus. 
gnawed  by  mice.  5.  See  idioms. 

10  100.  Cato  ab  inimicis  accusatus  saepe,  numquam  magnam 
virtutis  famam  amisit.  Non  ilium  enervavit  senectus, 
sed  paulatim  sine  sensu  adiit.  Annos  quinque  et  octo- 
ginta  natus  mortuus  est. 

Cato  ab  adulescentia  usque  ad  extremam  aetatem  ini- 
15  micitias  rei  publicae  causa  suscipere  non  destitit^  Ipse 
a  multis  accQsatus  n5n  modo  ^nullum  existimationis  detri- 
mentum  fecit,  sed  quoad^  vixit  virtutum  laude  crevit^ 
Quartum  et  octogensimum  annum  agens  ab  inimicis  capi- 
tal! crimine  accusatus  suam  ipse  causam  peroravit^,  nee 
20  quisquam  aut  memoriam  eius  tardiorem  aut  lateris^  firmi- 

1.  cessavit.  4.  auctus  est. 

2.  suffered  no  loss  in  esteem.  5.  peregit. 

3.  quam  diU.  6.  of  his  lungs. 


MARCUS  PORCIUS   CATO.  97 

tatem  imminutam  aut  5s^  haesitatione  impeditum  animad- 
vertit.  Non  ilium  enervavit  nee  adfixit  senectus  ;  ea 
aetate  aderat  amicis,  veniebat  in  senatum  frequens. 
Graecas  etiam  litteras  senex  didicit.  Quando  obreperet^ 
senectus,  vix  intellexit.  Sensim  sine  sensu  ingravescebat^ 
aetas ;  nee  subito  fraeta  est*,  sed  diuturnitate^  quasi  ex- 
stineta.    Annos  quinque  et  oetoginta  natus  excessit  e  vita. 

1.  linguam,  sermonem.  3.  gravior  flebat. 

2.  crept  upon  {Jiini\.  4.  abrupta  est. 

5.  longitudine  temporis. 


IV. 

LUCIUS   AEMILIUS    PAULUS    MACEDONICUS. 

168    B.C. 

Aemilius  Paulns  was  07ie  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  Roman  nobility. 
He  would  condescend  to  no  mean  action  to  win  personal  advantage.  He  was 
a  model  soldier  and  an  astute  lawyer^  and  throughout  his  life  won  the  admira- 
tion of  all  classes  by  the  purity  and  integrity  of  his  character.  He  was  born 
about  230  B.C. ;  died  160  B.C.  His  greatest  achievement^  which  gave  him  his 
cognomen^  was  his  victory  aver  Perseus^  King  of  Macedonia^  in  his  second 
consulship  (168  B.C.).  His  triumph  was  the  most  splendid  that  Rome  had 
yet  seen. 

101.    Paulus  consul,  profectus  in  Macedoniam,  omine  adduc- 
tus  est  ut  in  hostem  pergeret. 

Aemilius  Paulus  eius  qui  ad  Cannas  cecidit,  filius  erat.  10 
Consul  factus  Maeedoniam  provineiam   sortitus  est\  in 
qua    Perseus,   Philippi   filius,    paterni   in    Romanes   odi 

I.  sorte  obtinuit. 


98  VIRI  ROMAE, 

heres\  bellum  renovaverat.  ^Qui  cum  ea  ipsa  die,  qua 
ei  ut  bellum  cum  Perseo  gereret  obtigerat^,  domum  '*ad 
vesperum  rediret,  filiolam^  suam  Tertiam,  quae  tum  erat 
admodum^    parva,    osculans^    animadvertit    tristiculam^ 

5  "  Quid  est,"  inquit,  "  mea  Tertia  ?  quid  tristis  es  ? "  ''  Ml 
pater,"  inquit,  **  Persa  periit."  (Erat  autem  mortuus 
catellus^  eo  nomine.)  Tum  ille  artius^^  puellam  com- 
plexus,  "  Accipio  omen,"  inquit,  *'  mea  filia."  Ita  ex 
fortuito    dicto    quasi    spem    certam    clarissimi    triumph! 

10  animo  praesumpsit^^  Ingressus  deinde  Macedoniam 
recta^^  ad  hostem  perrexit^^. 

1.  heir.  4.  ad  occdsum  solis. 

2.  Ox.Qutcum  redtret  domtim  5.   Diminutive  of /fZ/Vzw. 
ad  vesperum  ed  ipsa  die  qua  obti-            6.  very. 

gerat  ei   ut  bellum    cum   Perseo  7.  kissing. 

gereret^   osculdns  suam  ftliolam  8.  Diminutive  of  trtstem. 

Tertiam^    quae    tum    admodum  9.  puppy, 

parva   erat,  animadvertit   (earn)  10.  strictius. 

esse  tristiculam.  \\.  praecepit. 

3.  evenerat,  acciderat.  12.  sc.  via. 

13.  contendit. 


102.     Defection  lunae  a  Sulpicio  Gallo  praedicta  maximum 
terrorem  Macedonibus  intulit. 

Cum  duae  acies  in  conspectu  essent,  Sulpicius  Gallus, 
15  tribunus  militum,  Romanum  exercitum  magno  metu  libe- 
ravit.  Is  enim,  cum  lunae  defectionem  nocte  sequent! 
futuram  praesciret,  ad  contionem^  vocatis  militibus  ne 
quis  id  pro  portento  acciperet,  dixit,  "Nocte  proxima 
luna  ab  hora  secunda  usque  ad  quartam  h5ram  defec- 

I.  eclipse.  2.  conventum. 


LUCIUS  A  EMI  LI  US  PAUL  US  MACEDONICUS.       99 

tura  est.  Id,  quia  natural!  ordine  et  statis  temporibus  fit, 
^et  sciri  ante  et  praedici  potest.  Itaque  quern  ad  modum 
nemo  miratur  lunam^  nunc  pleno  orbe  nunc  senescentem^ 
exiguo*  cornu  fulgere^,  ^ita  ne  obscurari  quidem,  quando"' 
umbra  terrae  conditur,  in  prodigium  debet  trahi^."  Nocte  5 
igitur  edita^  hora  luna  cum  defecisset,  ^^Romanis  mili- 
tibus  Galli  sapientia  probe  dlvina  videri ;  Macedones^^ 
ut  triste  prodigium,  occasum  regni  perniciemque  gentis 
portendens,  movit. 

1.  can  both  be  known  before-  8.  interpretdru 

hand  and  predicted.  9.  appointed^      agrees     with 

2.  Subject  oifulgere.  hord. 

3.  decrescentem.  10.  Or.      Romdms     mtlitibus 

4.  parvo.  sapientia      Gallt     vidert     probe 

5.  lUcere.  dtvma.     vidert    is    a    historical 

6.  Or.  ita  in  prodigium  debet      infinitive  =  videbdtur,      probe  = 
traht  ne  (lUnam)  obsctirdrl  qui-       altogether. 

dem  quando  conditur  umbrd  ter-  11.  Object  of  ;/2Jz///,  which  has 

rae.  defectio  lunae  understood  for  its 

7.  cuntf  ubi.  subject. 

103.      Post   paucos   dies   Aemilius   Paulus   Perseum   vicit.  10 
Post  victoriam  consul  vehementer  sollicitus  erat  de  filio 
suo  qui  in  castra  ex  proelio  non  redierat,  sed  ille  tardius 
reversus  patrem  suum  magna  cura  liberavit. 

Paucis  diebus  post  Aemilius  Paulus  cum  Perseo  acer- 
rime  dimicavit.      Macedonum  exercitus  caesus  fugatus-  15 
que  est^;  rex  ipse  cum  paucis  fugit.     Fugientes  persecu- 
tus  est  Aemilius  usque  ad  initium  noctis,  turn  se  in  castra 
victor  recepit.      Reversum^  gravis  cura  angebat^,   quod 

1.  infugam  datus  est.  3.  sollicitutn  reddebat, 

2.  Agrees    with   eum    under- 
stood, object  of  angebat.  • 


100  VIRI  ROMAE. 

filium  minorem^  in  castris  non  invenisset.  Publius  Sci- 
pio  is  erat,  ^Africanus  et  ipse  postea  deleta  Carthagine 
appellatus,  qui,  decimum  septimum  tunc  annum  agens^, 
dum  acrius  sequitur  hostes,  in  partem  aliam  turba  ablatus 
5  erat.  Serius  cum  redisset,  tunc  demum,  recepto  sospite'* 
filio,  victoriae  tantae  gaudium  consul  sensit. 

1.  sc.  ndtu.  name  Aeniiliamis  also,  to  mark 

2.  himself     also     afterwards       him  as  the  son  of  Aemilius  Pau- 
called  Africanus  for  the  destruc-       lus. 

Hon  of  Carthage.     He  had  the  3.  See  idioms. 

4.  salvo ^  incolumu 

104.     Perseus  captus  ad  consulem  perductus  est,  qui  eum 
maxima  dementia  recepit. 

Victus   Perseus  in  templum   Samothracen^  confugerat 
10  ibique  in  angul5  obscurd  delitiscens^  deprehensus  et  cum 
filio    natu    maximo    ad  consulem    perductus    est.      Non 
alias^  ad  ullum    spectaculum    tanta    multitudo   occurrit. 
Pulla*  veste  amictus^  Perseus  ingressus  est  castra,  null5 
suorum  alio  comite  qui  socius  calamitatis  miserabiliorem 
15  eum  faceret.     Progredi  prae^  turba  occurrentium  ad  spec- 
taculum non  poterat,  donee  consul  lictores  misisset  qui 
submovendo  circumfusos''  iter   ad  praetorium^  facerent. 
Consurrexit  consul  progressusque  paulum  introeunti  regi 
dextram  porrexit^,  ^^submittentemque  se  ad  pedes  sustu- 
20  lit^^ ;   introductum  in  tabernaculum   suo   lateri  adsidere 

1.  An  island  in   the  Aegean  6.  ob, propter,  W'^th.  2icc. 
Sea.  7.  VdiX.  eos  qut  convenerant, 

2.  latins.  8.  the  generaVs  tent. 

3.  alio  tempore.  9.  extendit. 

4.  dtrd,  nigrd.  lo.  and  sinking  down. 

5.  indatus,  circumdatus.  11.  elevdvit,  sc.  eum. 


OF  THE 

LUCIUS  AEMILIU^4UI^'S  MACK&ONICUS.     101 

iussit^  Deinde  eum  interrogavit  qua  inductus  iniuria 
bellum  contra  populum  Romanum  tam  infesto^  animo 
suscepisset  ?  Cum  rex  interrogatus,  terrain  intuens,  diu 
tacitus  fleret^,  consul,  "  Bonum,"  inquit,  *'  animum  habe  ; 
populi  Roman!  dementia  non  modo  spem  tibi,  sed  prope  5 
certam  fiduciam^  salutis  praebet^" 

1.  sc.  eum.  3.  Par.  lacritnds  effunderet. 

2.  inimtco.  4.  confldentiam. 

5.  dat. 

105.  Paulus  circumstantibus  Romanis  de  mutatione  rerum 
humanarum  dicit  et  monet  ne  quis  praesenti  fortunae 
credat. 

Ita  postquam  Perseum  c5nsolatus  est  Aemilius  Paulus,  10 
ad  circumstantes  Romanos  conversus,  *'  Exemplum  in- 
signe^  cernitis,"  inquit,  *'  mutationis  rerum  humanarum. 
Vobis  hoc  praecipue^  dico,  iuvenes.  Ide5  in  secundis^ 
rebus  *nihil  in  quemquam  superbe  ac  violenter  consulere 
decet  nee  praesenti  credere  fortunae,  cum,  quid  vesper  15 
ferat,  incertum  sit.  Is  demum^  vir  erit  cuius  animum 
neque  prospera  fortuna  nimis^  efferet'',  neque  adversa 
infringet^"  Eo  die  et  invitatus^  ad  consulem  Perseus  et 
^^alius  omnis  ei  honor  habitus  est  qui  haberi  in  tali  for- 
tuna poterat.  20 

1.  conspicuum.  6.  ultra  moduniy  2iVi\.. parum. 

2.  mdxime.  7.  The  perf.  part,  eldtus  sug- 

3.  prosperts.  gests  what  derivative  ? 

4.  it  is  becomi^ig  to  resolve  up-  8.  valde  franget^  minuet^  debi- 
on  arrogant  and  violent  measures  litdbit. 

against  no  one  ;  lit.  it  is  becoming  9.  sc.  est. 

to  resolve  upon  nothing  against  10.  every     other     honor     was 

any  one  proudly  and  violently.  shown  him. 

5.  quidemy  profecto. 


102  VIRI  ROMAE. 

106.     Celebrat  victoriam   Paulus   magnis  ^ludis  et   epuli& 

Post  victoriam  cum  ad  consulem  multarum  gentium 
legati  gratulandi  causa  venissent,  Aemilius  Paulus  ludos 
magno  apparatu^  fecit  et  epulas  quoque  legatis  magna 
5  opulentia  et  cura  paravit.  Dicere  solebat  et  ^convivium 
instruere  et  ludos  parare  viri^  eiusdem  esse  qui  vincere 
bello  sciret^ 

1.  with  games  and  banquets.  4.  Predicate   gen.   of   posses- 

2.  mdgnificentid.  sion  after  esse. 

3.  Par.  epulds  pardre.  5.  knows  how. 

107.     Magnificentissimus  triumphus  Pauli. 

Confecto  bell5  Aemilius   Paulus  regia   nave  ingentis 

10  magnitudinis  (nam   sedecim  ordines  remorum^  habuisse 

dicitur)  ad  urbem  est  subvectus.     Fuit  eius  triumphus 

omnium  longe  magnificentissimus.      Populus   exstructis^ 

per  Forum  tabulatis^  in  modum  theatrorum  spectavit^  in 

candidis^  togis.     Aperta^  templa  omnia  et  sertis^  coronata 

15  ture^  fumabant.     In  tres  dies  distributa  est  pompa^  spec- 

taculi.     Primus   dies  vix  suffecit   transvehendis  ^^signis 

tabulisque  ;    sequenti   die   translata   sunt   arma,   galeae, 

scuta,    loricae,    pharetrae,    argentum    aurumque.     Tertio 

die  prima  statim  luce  ducere  agmen  coepere^^  tibicines^^, 

20  non  festos  sollemnium  pomparum  modos   sed    bellicum 

1.  oars.  7.  coronts florum. 

2.  eductts^factts.  8.  incense. 

3.  reviewing-stands.  9.  parade. 

4.  sc.  spectdculum.  10.  statues  and  pictures. 

5.  Ant.  7tigrts.  11.  inceperunt. 

6.  Ant.  clausa.  12.  pipers. 


LUCIUS  AEMILIUS  PAULUS  MACEDONICUS.     103 

sonantes,  quasi  in  aciem  procedendum  esset^  ^Deinde 
agebantur  pingues^  cornibus  auratis  et  vittis*  redimiti^ 
boves  centum  viginti.  Sequeb^ntur  Persei  liberi,  comi- 
tante  educatorum  et  magistrorum  turba  qui  manus^  ad 
spectatores  cum  lacrimis  miserabiliter  tendebant  et  '^pue-  5 
ros  docebant  implorandam  suppliciter  victoris  populi 
misericordiam  esse.  Pone^  filios  incedebat  cum  uxore 
Perseus,  attonitus^  et  subito  malo  stupens.  Inde  qua- 
dringentae  coronae  aureae  portabantur,  ab  omnibus  fere 
Graeciae  civitatibus  dono^^  missae.  Postremo  ipse  in  10 
curru  Paulus  auro  purpuraque  fulgens  eminebat^\  ma- 
gnam^^  cum^^  dignitate  alia  corporis  tum  senecta  ipsa  ma- 
iestatem  ^^prae  se  ferens.  Post  currum  inter  ali5s  inlu- 
stres  viros  filii  duo  Aemili,  deinde  equites  turmatim^^  et 
cohortes  peditum,  suis  quaeque  ordinibus.  Paulo  a  15 
senatu  et  populo  Romano  concessum  est  ut  ^^ludis  circen- 
sibus  veste  triumphal!  uteretur,  eique  cogn5men  Macedo- 
nici  inditum^'^. 

1.  Impersonal.  9.  stunned. 

2.  Or.  Deinde  centum  vigitttt  10.  dat.  for  which. 

plngues  boves  agebantur  cornibus  1 1 .  appdrebdt,  exstdbat,  conspi- 

aurdtts  et  vittts  redimltu  cuus  erat. 

3.  sleek.  12.  With    mdiestdtem,   which 

4.  fillets.  is  the  object  oi  ferens. 

5.  corondtt.  13.  cum  .  .  .  tum=^ndn  solum- 

6.  Object  of  tendebant.  .  .  .  sed  etiam. 

7.  Or.   docebant  pueros   mise-  14.  showing.     See  idioms. 
ricordiam  victoris  popult  suppli-            1 5.  by  squadrons. 

citer  implorandam  esse.  16.  at  the  contests  in  the  Cir- 

8.  post.  cus  Maximus. 

17.  datum  est. 


104  VIRI  ROMAE, 

108.  Gravi  dolore  Paulus  adfectus  propter  mortem  duorum 
filiorum  calamitatem  summo  animi  robore  sustinuit  et 
dixit  se  laetari  quod  hie  privatus  non  publicus  casus 
esset. 

5  Tantae  huic  laetitiae  gravis  dolor  admixtus  est.  Nam 
Aemilius  Paulus,  duobus  filiis  in  adoptionem  datis,  duos 
tantum^  nominis  heredes  domi  retinuerat.  Ex  his  minor, 
ferme  duodecim  annos  natus,  quinque  diebus  ante  tri- 
umphum    patris,    maior   autem   triduo   post   triumphum 

10  decessit.  Itaque  qui  ad  donandos  usque^  liberos  abun- 
daverat,  in  orbitate^  subito  destitutus  est.  Eum  tamen 
casum  summo  animi  robore  sustinuit,  nee  contigit*  Perseo 
ut  tristem  Paulum  videret.  Nam  cum  more  maiorum 
orationem  de  rebus   suis  gestis  apud  populum  haberet, 

15  "Cum  in  summa  felicitate  nostra,"  inquit,  "timerem  ne 
quid  mali  fortuna  moliretur^,  deos  immortales  precatus 
sum^  ut,  si  adversi'^  quid  populo  Romano  immineret^  ad 
expiandam  nimiam^  f elicitatem,  id  in  meam  potius  domum 
quam  in  rem  publicam  recideret^^.     "Quapropter  %ene 

20  habet.  Adnuendo^^  enim  v5tis  nostris  effecerunt  ut  vos 
potius  meum  casum  doleretis  quam  ego  vestro^^  ingemisce- 
rem^^     Nemo  iam  ex  tot  liberis  superest  qui  Aemili  Pauli 

1.  solum.  8.  impenderet,    mstdrety    ap- 

2.  Join  with  ad  above,  usque      propinqudret. 
ad  ^=  even  to.  9.  excessive. 

3.  prtvdtione.  10.  caderet. 

4.  evenit.  11.  Quam  ob  rem  bene  est, 

5.  pardretf  cogitdret.  12.  See  idioms. 

6.  tmpldrdvt.  13.  adsentiendo. 

7.  Partitive  gen.  after  quid.  14.  sc.  easily  abl.  of  cause. 

15.  deplordrem,  Idmentdrer, 


LUCIUS  AEMILIUS  PAULUS  MACEDONICUS.     105 

nomen  ferat.  Duos  enim  in  adoptionem  datos  Cornelia 
et  Fabia  gens  habent ;  Paul!  in  domo  praeter^  senem 
nemo  superest.  Sed  hanc  privatam  calamitatem  vestra 
felicitas  et  secunda^  fortuna  publica  consolatur." 

I.  except,  2.  prosper  a. 

109.     Paulus  omnes  Macedonum  divitias  in  aerarium  populi    5 
Romani  intulit  et  pauper  decessit.     Funus  eius  omnium 
benevolentia  insigne  fuit. 

Aemilius  Paulus  omni  Macedonum  gaza  quae  fuit  ma- 
xima, potitus\  tantam  in  aerarium  populi  Romani  pecuniam 
invexit  ut  unius  imperatoris  praeda  finem  adferret^  tribu-  10 
torum.  At  hie  nihil  domum  suam  praeter  sempiternam^ 
nominis  memoriam  detulit.  Mortuus  est  adeo  pauper  *ut 
dos  eius  uxori,  nisi  ^vendito,  quern  unum  reliquerat,  fundo, 
non  posset  exsolvi^  ^Exsequiae  eius  non  tam  auro  et 
ebore  ceteroque  apparatu,  quam  omnium  benevolentia  et  15 
studio^  fuerunt  insignes.  Macedoniae  principes,  qui  tunc 
Romae  erant  legati,  ^umeros  suos  funebri  lecto  sponte 
sua  subiecerunt.  Quem  enim  in  bello  ob  virtutem  timu- 
erant,  eundem  in  pace  ob  iustitiam  diligebant^^ 

1.  This  verb  equals  in  posses-  6.  be  paid. 

sione  habere ^  and  is  followed  by           7.  pompa  fUneris,   join  exse- 

the  abl.  quiae  With,  fuerunt  tnstgnes. 

2.  facer  et.  8.  am  ore,  favor e. 

3.  aeternam.  9.  bore  the  funeral   bier    on 

4.  Or.  ut  dos  eius  uxort  non       their  shoulders  at  their  own  re- 
posset  exsolvt  nisi  vendito  fundo       quest. 

quem  Unum-  reliquerat.  10.  amdbant. 

5.  vendito  fundo  =^  by    selling 
the  farm. 


SELECTIONS  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 


I.     Life  of  Aulus  Gellius. 

All  the  information  that  we  have  about  Gellius  is  contained  in 
his  well-known  work,  Nodes  Atticae.  In  this  he  now  and  then 
makes  incidental  reference  to  himself  and  his  activities,  but  nowhere 
gives  any  express  or  detailed  account  of  his  life.  The  date  of  his 
birth  and  of  his  death  are  equally  uncertain,  but  we  know  from  his 
references  to  his  contemporaries  that  he  must  have  lived  from  about 
120  to  1 80  A.D.  He  was  probably  a  Roman  and  of  good  family,  and 
his  education  in  grammar,  rhetoric,  and  philosophy  was  of  the  very 
best.  Among  his  teachers  may  be  mentioned  Sulpicius  Apollinaris, 
the  grammarian,  a  famous  Carthaginian,  who  inspired  him  with  a 
lasting  interest  in  his  art ;  Titus  Castricius,  the  foremost  rhetorician 
of  his  time ;  and  Favorinus,  the  philosopher,  once  the  favorite  of 
the  Emperor  Hadrian,  and  distinguished  for  his  learning  and  elo- 
quence. Gellius  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  but  found  time  for 
much  reading  and  study.  Probably  at  the  suggestion  of  Favorinus, 
he  made  a  journey  to  Greece  and  traveled  extensively  in  that  coun- 
try, remaining  for  a  considerable  time  at  Athens.  It  was  there,  in 
a  country  house  near  the  city,  during  the  long  nights  of  winter, 
that  he  prepared  his  book.  This  suggested  its  title  Nodes  Atticae. 
No  subsequent  events  of  his  life  are  known  to  us. 

II.     NocTES  Atticae. 

Gellius  tells  us  in  his  preface  that  it  was  his  habit  when  reading 
to  make  notes  and  extracts  from  the  volume  before  him,  and  that 
these  make  up  his  book.  It  ig,  therefore,  a  note-book,  containing 
the  concentrated  results  of  years  of  study.  Of  the  twenty  books  of 
his  work,  all  have  come  down  to  us  excepting  the  eighth.  There  is 
no  attempt  made  to  classify  the  contents,  but  it  is  a  miscellaneous 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  107 

collection  of  quotations,  discussions,  and  dissertations  on  a  great 
variety  of  subjects,  mainly  grammar,  philosophy,  history,  and  biog- 
raphy. 

Nodes  Atticae  has  a  fourfold  value  : 

a.  As  a  story  book.  Gellius  says  that  one  object  of  his  book  was 
to  entertain  his  children.  It  is  therefore  written  in  a  popular  vein, 
and  contains  but  little  that  is  abstruse  or  technical. 

b.  As  a  source  of  information.  Gellius  gives  much  interesting 
information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects  which,  but  for  him,  would 
never  have  been  so  clearly  understood. 

c.  As  giving  quotations  from  authors  no  longer  extant.  It  is  in 
this  respect  that  Nodes  Atticae  is  peculiarly  valuable. 

d.  As  a  biographer  of  prominent  writers.  In  this  field  Gellius 
has  done  much,  e.g.y  nearly  all  we  know  about  Plautus  is  from  this 
source. 

The  style  of  Noctes  Atticae  is  good  in  general,  but  it  is  marred  by 
an  affectation  towards  out-of-the-way  and  obsolete  words  and  phrases. 
Gellius  here  is  simply  following  the  literary  fashion  of  his  day.  It 
is  this  same  love  of  the  archaic  that  causes  him  to  ignore  the  Roman 
writers  that  lived  nearest  to  his  own  time.  He  scarcely  mentions 
the  writers  of  the  Augustan  age,  but  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of 
Plautus,  Ennius,  Cato,  and  other  early  writers,  and  quotes  from 
them  constantly. 


108  AULUS  GELLIUS, 


I,  14. 

110.  Quid  dixerit  feceritque  C.  Fabricius^  magna  vir  gloria 
magnisque  rebus  gestis,  sed  familiae^  pecuniaeque  inops, 
cum  ei  Sanuiites^  tamquam^  indigent!  ^grave  aurum  do- 
narent. 

5  lulius  Hyginus^  in  libro  De  Vita  Rebusque  Inlustrium 
Vir5rum  sexto  legates  dicit  a  Samnitibus  ad  C.  Fabricium, 
imperatorem  populi  Romani,  venisse  et  memoratis^  multis 
magnisque  rebus,  quae  bene  ac  benevole,  post  redditam 
pacem  Samnitibus,  fecisset,  obtulisse  dono  grandem  pe- 

10  cuniam  orasseque  uti  acciperet  utereturque,  atque  id 
facere  Samnites  dixisse,  quod  viderent  multa  ad  splendo- 
rem  domus  atque  victiis^  defieri^  neque  pro^^  amplitudine 
dignitateque  lautum^^  paratum^  esse.  Tum  Fabricium 
^^planas  manus  ab  auribus  ad  oculos  et  infra^^  deinceps 

15  ad  nares  et  ad  os  et  ad  gulam  atque  inde  porro  ad  ven- 
trem  imum  deduxisse  et  legatis  ita  respondisse:  dum  illis 

N.B.  The  notes  on  these  selections  contain  occasional  questions  on  word- 
formation.  It  is  taken  for  granted  that  students  have  followed  the  suggestion  made 
in  the  Introduction  (III,  A,  3)  before  reaching  this  point. 

1.  A  typical  Roman  of  the  old  7.  ndrrStis. 

style,  famous  for  his  integrity.  8.  vtctus  includes  all  that  has 

He  was  three  times  consul.  to  do  with  the  manner  of  living. 

2.  ret  familidris^  property.  9.  deficit  deesse. 

3.  The  people  of  Samnium.  10.  in  proportion  to. 

4.  velutt^  stcut,  quasi.  11.  elegantem^  sumptuosum. 

5.  Par.  mdgnum  auri  pondus.  12.  appardtum   =  furnishing, 

6.  A  freedman  of   Augustus  outfit. 

by  whom  he  was  placed  in  charge  13.  palms. 

of  the  Palatine  library.  Rewrote  14.  Ant.  suprd. 

many  books,  all  of  which  are  lost. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  109 

omnibus  membris,  quae  attigisset,  obsistere  atque  impe- 
rare  posset,  numquam  quicquam  defuturum  ;  propterea^ 
se  pecuniam,  ^qua  nihil^  sibi  esset  usus,  ab  his  quibus 
earn  sciret  usui  esse,  non  accipere. 

1.  quam  ob  rem.  which  takes  the  ablative  ;  A.  & 

2.  With  iisus^  signifying  need^       G.  243,  e  ;  H.  414,  IV. 

3.  ace.  of  spec. 

1,17- 
111.     Quanta   cum    animi   aequitate   toleraverit    Socrates    5 
uxoris  ingenium  intractabile ;  ^atque  inibi,  quid  M.  Varro^ 
in  quadam  satura  de  officio  mariti^  scripserit. 

Xanthippe,  Socratis  philosophi  uxor,  morosa  admodum* 
fuisse  fertur  et  iurgiosa^,  irarumque  et  molestiarum  mulie- 
brium  per  diem  perque  noctem  scatebat^.  ''Has  eius  10 
intemperies  in  maritum  Alcibiades  demiratus,  interrogavit 
Socraten  quaenam  ratio  esset  cur  mulierem  tam  acerbam 
domo  non  exigeret^  "  Quoniam,"  inquit  Socrates,  "  cum 
illam  domi  talem  perpetior^,  insuesco  et  exerceor^^  ut 
ceterorum  quoque  foris"  petulantiam  et  iniuriam  facilius  15 
feram." 

1.  and  in  this  connection.  3.  coniugis,  viri. 

2.  M.    Terentius   Varro,    the  4.  valde,  vehementer. 
famous  Roman  antiquarian,  born  5.  cf.  iurgium  =  a  quarrel. 
116   B.C.,   whose   profound   and  6.  overflowed  with^  was  full  of. 
varied  learning  earned  for  him  7.  Alcibiades^    wondering    at 
the  title  of  the  "  most  learned  of  these   outbreaks   of  hers   against 
the    Romans."     He   wrote  four  her  husband. 

hundred  and  ninety  books,  but  8.  expelleret^  eiceret. 

of   these  only  two   works  have  9.  perfero^  tolero. 

come  down  to  us,  one  in  a  muti-  10.  exerceor  ^=  exerceo  me. 

lated  form.  11.  forts,  adv.  =  out  of  doors. 


110  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

^Secundum  hanc  sententiam  quoque  Varro  in  satura 
Menippea,  quam  de  officio  mariti  scripsit :  "  Vitium," 
inquit,  "  uxoris  aut  ^tollendum  aut  ferendum  est.  Qui 
tollit  vitium^,  uxorem  commodiorem*  praestat^;  qui  fert, 

5  sese  meliorem  facit."  Haec  verba  Varronis  *  tollere  '  et 
*  ferre  '  lepide^  quidem  composita  sunt,  sed  *  tollere  '  ap- 
paret  dictum  pro  *  corrigere.'  Id  etiam  apparet,  eiusmodi 
vitium  uxoris,  si  corrigi  non  possit,  ferendum  esse  Var- 
ronem  censuisse'',  quod  ferri  scilicet  a  viro  honeste  potest ; 

10  ^vitia  enim  fiagitiis  leviora  sunt. 

1.  Par.  ex  hdc  sententid.  6.  eleganter^  apte. 

2.  cured  or  endured.  7.  putdvisse. 

3.  culpam.  8.  for   defects   are   easier   to 

4.  facilidrem,  moderdtiorem.  endure  {leviora)    than   shameful 

5.  facit.  disgraces  {fldgitits). 

I,  19- 

112.     Historia    super    libris    Sibyllinis^   ac    de   Tarquinio 

Superbo   rege. 

In  antiquis  annalibus^  memoria  super  libris  Sibyllinis 

haec  prodita^  est :  Anus*  hospita  atque  incognita  ad  Tar- 

15  quinium    Superbum    regem    adiit,    novem    libros   ferens, 

quos   esse  dicebat  divina  oracula ;   eos  se  velle  Venum 

I.     These    were     prophecies  in  golden  chests  in  the  temple  of 

probably  derived  from  Cumae,  a  Apollo  on  the  Palatine. 

Greek  city  of  Campania.     They  2.  The  oldest   historical  rec- 

were  written  in  Greek  verse  and  ords  among   the    Romans  were 

kept  in  a  stone  chest  in  the  temple  called  anndles  librt^^year  books  ; 

of  Jupiter  Capitolinus.    In  82  B.C.  they  were  written  on  whitened 

they  were  destroyed  by  fire,  but  boards, 

again  restored.   Finally  they  were  3.  ndrrdta,  scrtpta. 

removed  by  Augustus,  and  placed  4.  an  old  woman. 

5.  to  sell. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  Ill 

dare.  Tarquinius  pretium  percontatus  est\  Mulier 
^nimium  atque  immensum  poposcit :  rex,  quasi^  anus 
aetate  desiperet,  derisit.  Turn  ilia  foculum*  coram  cum 
igni  apponit,  tres  libros  ex  novem  deurit^  et,  ecquid^ 
reliquos  sex  eodem  pretio  emere  vellet,  regem  interroga-  5 
vit.  Sed  enim^  Tarquinius  id  multo  risit  magis  dixitque 
anum  iam  procuP  dubio  delirare^.  Mulier  ibidem  statim 
tres  alios  libros  exussit^^  atque  id  ipsum  denuo"  placide 
rogat,  ut  tres  reliquos  eodem  illo  pretio  emat.  Tarquinius 
ore  iam  serio  atque  attentiore  animo  fit,  eam  constantiam  lo 
confidentiamque  ^^non  insuper  habendam  intellegit ;  libros 
tres  reliquos  mercatur  nihilo  minore  pretio  quam  quod 
erat  petitum  pro  omnibus.  ^^Sed  eam  mulierem  tunc  a 
Tarquinio  digressam  postea  ^^nusquam  loci  visam  constitit. 
Libri  tres,  in  sacrarium  conditi,  *Sibyllini'  appellati.  Ad  ^5 
eos,  quasi  ad  oraculum,  Quindecim  viri  adeunt,  cum  di 
immortales  publice  consulendi  sunt. 

1.  dtligenter  quaestvit.  lo.  cf.  deurit  above. 

2.  sc.  pretium^  tr.  the  woman  ii.de  novo. 

asked  an   excessive   and  in  fact            I2.  ndn  neglegendanty  non  de-     • 

{atque)  enormous  price.  spiciendam. 

3-  tamquamy  cf.  p.  io8,  1.  3.  13.  Sed  eam  mulierem  . . .  con- 

4.  brazier.  stitit.     Note  the  emphatic  order. 

5.  crematy  incendit.  Tr.  But  as  for  that  woman  it  is 

6.  num.  agreed,  etc. 

7.  pro/ectOj  quidem.  14.  Par.    nUlIo  loco.  -  loci   is 

8.  sine.  partitive  genitive  with  nusquam. 

9.  insdntre. 


112  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

I,  23- 
113.     Qiiis  fuerit  Papirius  Praetextatus ;  quae  istius  causa 
cognomenti   sit;    historiaque   ista   omnis   super   eodem 
Papirio  cognitu^  iucunda. 

Historia  de  Papirio  Praetextato  dicta  scriptaque  est 

5    a  M.  Catone^  in  oratione  qua  usus  est  ad  milites  contra 

Galbam^,  cum  multa  quidem  venustate  atque  luce  atque 

munditia^   verborum.     ^Ea    Catonis  verba   huic   prorsus 

commentario  indidissem,  si  libri  copia  fuisset  id  temporis 

cum  haec  dictavi.      Quod  si  non  virtutes  dignitatesque 

lo  verborum,  sed  rem  ipsam   scire   quaeris,   res  ferme  ad 

hunc  modum  est  :    Mos  antea  senatoribus   Romae  fuit 

in  cariam  cum  praetextatis^  filiis  introire.     Tum,  cum  in 

senatu  res  maior  quaepiam^  consultata  eaque  in  diem  po- 

sterum  prolata^  est,  ^placuitque  ut  eam  rem,  super  qua 

15  tractavissent,  ne  quis  enuntiaret  priusquam  decreta  esset, 

mater  Papiri  pueri,  qui  cum  parente  suo  in  ciiria  fuerat, 

percontata  est^^  filium  quidnam  in  senatu  patres  egissent. 

1.  Supine   depending   on   iu-  5.    These    words    of    Cato    I 
cunda.  should    have    i  riser  ted    right   in 

2.  See  introduction  to  selec-  this  note-book,  if  I  had  had  access 
tions  88-100.  to  the  book  at  just  the  time  when 

3.  Servius    Sulpicius     Galba  I  dictated  them. 

was   praetor    151    B.C.,  and   re-  6.  wearing  the  praetexta,  i.e. 

ceived    Spain   as    his    province.  the   toga  with  a  purple   border 

He  was  tried  for  cruelty  to  the  worn  by  children. 

Lusitanians,  and  was  denounced  7.  aliqua. 

in  the  strongest  terms  by  Cato,  8.  prorogdta. 

who  was  then  eighty-five  years  9.  Or.  placuitque  {ut)  ne  quis 

old.  eniintidret  eam  rem  super  (=  de) 

4.  elegantid.  qua  tractavissent. 

10.   cf.  p.  Ill,  1.  I. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  113 

Puer  respondit  tacendum  esse  neque  id  dici  licere.  Mu- 
lier  fit  audiendi  cupidior ;  secretum^  rei  et  silentium 
pueri  animum  eius  ad  inquirendum  everberat^ :  quaerit 
igitur  compressius^  violentiusque.  Turn  puer  matre 
urgente  '^lepidi  atque  festivi  mendaci  consilium  capit.  5 
Actum^  in  senatu  dixit  utrum^  videretur  utilius  ^exque 
re  publica  esse,  ^unusne  ut  duas  uxores  haberet,  an  ut 
una  apud  duos  nupta  esset.  Hoc  ilia  ubi  audivit,  ani- 
mus compavescit^,  domo  trepidans  egreditur,  ad  ceteras 
matronas  [adfert^^].  Pervenit  ad  senatum  postridie  lo 
matrum  familias  caterva^^  Lacrimantes  atque  obse- 
crantes  orant  ^^Qna  potius  ut  duobus^^  nupta  fieret  quam 
ut  unP  duae.  Senatores  ingredientes  in  curiam,  quae 
ilia  mulierum  intemperies  et  quid  ^^sibi  postulatio  istaec 
vellet,  mirabantur.  Puer  Papirius  in  medium  cijriae  pro-  '5 
gressus,  ^^quid  mater  audire  institisset^^,  quid  ipse  matri 
dixisset,  rem,  sicut  fuerat,  denarrat.  Senatus  fidem  atque 
ingenium  pueri  exosculatur^',  consultum  facit  ^^uti  post- 
hac  pueri  cum  patribus  in  curiam  ne  introeant,  praeter^^ 

1.  mystery.  13.  'Y\i^'^G,xhnubere.  to  marry, 

2.  sti?nulat,  urget.  regularly  governs  the  dative. 

3.  vekementius,  14.  sibi  .  .  .  vellet,  lit.  wished 

4.  neat  and  humorous.  for  itself  =  meant. 

5.  sc.  esse.  1 5.  The  quid  clauses  are  in 

6.  which  {of  two).  apposition  with  rem,  the  object 

7.  See  idioms.  of  denarrat. 

8.  whether   that   07te  should            16.  From  tnsisto,  cf.  Eng.  in- 
have  .  .   .  sist. 

9.  timet,  metuit.  17.  valde  laudat. 

10.  carries  the  news.  18.  uti  .  .  .  ne  =  ne,  cf .  p.  112, 

11.  multitUdo.  n.  9,  above. 

12.  Or.  ut  Una  potius  duobus^  19.  Ad\.  =  except. 
etc. 


114  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

ille  unus  Papirius,  atque  puero  postea  cognomentum 
honoris  gratia  inditum^  *  Praetextatus '  ob  tacendi  loquen- 
dique  in  aetate  praetextae  prudentiam. 

I.  impositum, 

I,  24. 

114.     Tria  epigrammata  trium  veterum  poetarum,  Naevii, 
5  Plauti^    Pacuvi^,   quae  facta  ab  ipsis   sepulcris*  eorum 

incisa  sunt. 

Trium  poetarum  inlustrium  epigrammata,  Cn.  Naevi, 
Plauti,  M.  Pacuvi,  quae  ipsi  fecerunt  et  incidenda  sepul- 
cro  suo  reliquerunt,  ^nobilitatis  eorum  gratia  et  venustatis 
10  scribenda  in  his  commentariis  esse  duxi. 

Epigramma  Naevi  plenum  superbiae  Campanae^,  quod 
testimonium  esse  iustum  potuisset,  nisi  ab  ipso  dictum 
esset : 

Immortales  mortales  sT  foret  fas  flere, 
15  Flerent  divae  Camenae'^  Naevium  poetam. 

1.  Cn.  Naevius,  270-204  B.C.,  3.  M.  Pacuvius,  one  of  the 
a  famous  epic  and  dramatic  poet.  early  Roman  tragedians,  was 
Of  his  epic  poem  on  the  First  born  about  220  B.C.  He  was 
Punic  War  a  few  fragments  still  equally  famous  as  a  painter  and 
remain.  It  was  extensively  copied  as  a  writer.  A  few  fragments  of 
by  later  writers,  especially  by  Ver-  his  plays  are  extant. 

gil.     His  plays  were  very  popu-  4.  dat.  after  inctsa. 

lar  even  in  the  Augustan  age.  5.  Or.    diixi   (^habm)  scrt- 

2.  T.  Maccius  Plautus,  born  be7tda  esse  in  his  commentdrns 
about  254  B.C.,  was  the  most  nobilitdtis  eorum  gratia  {=on 
celebrated  comic  poet  of  Rome.  account  of)  et  venustatis. 

We  still  possess  twenty  of   his  6.   Campaniatt.     Naevius  was 

plays.  born  there. 

7.  MUsae. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  115 

Itaque  ^postquam  est  Orchi  traditus  thesauro, 
Obliti  sunt  R5mae  loquier^  lingua  Latina.^ 

Epigramma  Plauti,  quod  dubitassemus  an"*  Plauti  foret, 
nisi  a  M.  Varrone^  positum  esset  in  libr5  De  Poetis 
primo  :  5 

^Postquam  est  mortem  aptus  Plautus,  Comoedia  luget'', 
Scaena  est  deserta,  dein  Risus,  Ludus  locusque, 
Et  ^Numeri  innumeri  simul  omnes  conlacrimarunt. 

Epigramma  Pacuvi  verecundissimum^  et  purissimum 
dignumque  eius  elegantissima  gravitate  :  10 

Adulescens,  tametsi  properas,'te  hoc  saxum  rogat 
Vt  sese  aspicias,  deinde  quod  scriptum  est  legas. 
Hic  sunt  poetae  Pacuvi  MarcT  sita 
Ossa.     Hoc^^  volebam  nescius  ne  esses.     Vale. 

1.  Par.  postquani  Plictonis  do-  5.  See  111,  n.  2. 

mum  abiit.  6.  Par.     Postquam     Plautus 

2.  Old  form  for  loqul^^how       mortuus  est. 

to  speak.  7.  Ant.  gaudet. 

3.  Note  the  meter  of  this  8.  Measures  without  nuinber. 
epigram,  as  also  of  the  third.  It  9.  modestissimum  ;  ant.  im- 
is    known    as    the    saturnian,    a  pudentissimum. 

native  Italian  meter  antedating  10.  Theoh]ect  of  nescius  essesj 

the  hexameter.  which  equals  nesczres. 

4.  numy  su 

II,  I. 

115.     Quo  genere  solitus  sit  philosophus  Socrates  exercere  1 5 
ipatientiam  corporis ;  deque  eiusdem  viri  temperantia. 

Inter  labores  voluntaries  et  exercitia  ^corporis  ^ad  for- 
tuitas   patientiae   vices   firmandi,   id   quoque    accepimus 

1.  physical  endurance.  3.  for   unexpected  duties    re- 

2.  corporis ftrmandt,oh]QCi\wQ       quiring  endurance. 
genitive. 


116  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

Socraten  facere  insuevisse^ :  stare  solitus  Socrates  dicitur 
pertinaci  statu,  ^perdius  atque  pernox,  ^a  summo  lucis 
ortu  ad  s5lem  alterum  orientem,  inconivens^,  immobilis, 
eisdem  in  vestigiis,  et  ore  atque  oculis  eundem  in  locum 
5  directis,  cogitabundus^,  tamquam  quodam  secessu^  men- 
tis atque  animi  facto  a  corpore.  Quam  rem  cum  Favo- 
rinus^,  de  fortitudine  eius  viri  ^ut  pleraque  disserens, 
attigisset^,  ^^VoXXa/cts'  inquit  'ef  rikiov  eh  -^Xlov  eluTrJKeL 
dp-Tpa^eo-Tepo^  Ttov  7^/oe/xvo)v^ 
lo  Temperantia  quoque  fuisse  eum  tanta  traditum  est  ut 
omnia  fere  vitae  suae  tempora  ^Valetudine  inoifensa  vixe- 
rit.  In  illius  etiam  pestilentiae  vastitate  quae  in  belli 
Peloponnensiaci  principio  Atheniensium  civitatem  inter- 
necivo^^  genere  morbi  depopulata  est,  is  ^^parcendi  mode- 
ls randique  rationibus  dicitur  ^*et  a  voluptatum  labe  cavisse 
et  salubritates^^  corporis  retinuisse,  ut  nequaquam^^  fuerit 
communi  omnium  cladi  obnoxius^^. 

1.  solitum  esse,  lo.  often  he  stood ^  stiffer  than 

2.  Par.    per  diem    atque  per  the  trees y  from  su7i  to  sun. 
noctem.  ii.  sine  morbo,  sdnus. 

3.  VdiY.  d  prima  lUce.    summo  12.  gravt,  fUnesto. 
=prtmd.                                                      13.  by  means  of  care  a7td  self 

4.  sine  somno,  vigil.  restraint. 

5.  cogitdns,  dellberdbundus.  14.  both  to  have  secured  him- 

6.  discessu.  self  against  the  rtiinous  effect  of 

7.  A  famous  philosopher  and  sensual  pleasures. 

sophist  of  the  reign  of  Hadrian.  15.  sdnitdtemy  bonam   valetU- 

8.  discussing    in     his    usual      dinem. 

vein.  16.  minime. 

9.  commemordsset,  tractdsset.  17.  expositus,  subiectus. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  117 

II,  28. 

116.     Non  esse   compertum^   cui   deo    %em   divinam   fieri 
oporteat,  cum  teiTa  movet. 

Quaenam  esse  causa  videatur  quam  ob  rem  terrae  tre- 
mores  fiant,  ^non  modo  his  communibus  hominum  sensi- 
bus  opinionibusque  compertum^,  sed  ne  inter  physicas 
quidem  philosophias  ^satis  constitit  ventorumne  vi  acci- 
dant  specus^  hiatusque''  terrae  subeuntium  an  aquarum 
subter  in  terrarum  cavis  undantium  pulsibus  fluctibusque, 
ita  uti  videntur  existimasse  antiquissimi  Graecorum,  qui 
Neptunum  *  o-eio-LxOova  '^  appellaverunt,  an  cuius^  aliae^^  rei 
causa  alteriusve^^  dei  vi  ac  numine,  nondum  etiam,  sicuti 
diximus,  pro  certo  creditum.  Propterea  veteres  Romani, 
cum^^  in  omnibus  aliis  vitae  officiis,  tum  in  constituendis 
religionibus  atque  in  dis  immortalibus  animadvertendis 
castissimi^^  cautissimique,  ubi  terram  movisse  senserant 
nuntiatumve  erat,  ferias^'*  eius  rei  causa  edicto^^  impera- 
bant,  sed  dei  nomen,  ita  uti  solet,  cui  servari  ferias  opor- 
teret,  statuere  et  edicere  quiescebant^^,  ne,  alium  pro  alio 
nominando,   falsa  religione   populum  adligarent^^      Eas 

1.  cognitum^  intellectum.  8.  earth-shaker. 

2.  sacrum,  sacrijicium,  9.  The  indefinite  =  j^w^. 

3.  Remember  that  when  non  10.  alms, 
modo  is  followed  by  sed  ne  .  .  .  11.  alius. 

quidem^   the   English  idiom   re-            1 2.  cum  .  .  .  tum  =  not  only 
quires  a  second  negative  in  the       .  .  .  but  especially. 

first  clause.  13.  piissimt. 

4.  sc.  est.  14.  holidays. 

5.  See  idioms.  1 5.  abl.  of  means. 

6.  caver ndSy  antra.  16.  they  refrained  from. 

7.  clefts,  chasms.  17.  Ant.  solver ent. 


118 


AULUS  GELLIUS. 


ferias  si  quis  polluisset^  piaculoque^  ob  banc  rem  opus 
esset,  hostiam^  *  si  deo,  si  deae '  immolabant,  idque  ita  ex 
decreto  pontificum  observatum  esse  M.  Varro^  dicit,  quo 
niam  et  qua  vi  et  per  quern  deorum  dearumve  terra  tre- 

5    meret  incertum  esset. 

Sed  de  lunae  solisque  defectionibus^,  non  minus  in 
eius  rei  causa  reperienda  sese  exercuerunt.  Quippe^ 
M.  Cato^,  vir  in  cognoscendis  rebus  multi  studi^,  incerte 
tamen  et  incuriose^  super  ea  re  opinatus  est.    Verba  Cato- 

10  nis  ex  Originum  quarto^^  haec  sunt:  '*^^Non  libet  scribere 
quod  ^^in  tabula  apud  pontificem  maximum  est,  quotiens 
annona^^  cara  fuerit,  quotiens  lunae  aut  solis  lumini  cali- 
go^*  aut  quid  obstiterit."  Usque  adeo  parvi  fecit  rationes 
veras  solis  et  liinae  deficientium  vel  scire  vel  dicere. 


1.  contdmindsset. 

2.  abl.  after  opus  =  need,  cf. 
usus,  p.  109,  1.  3. 

3.  vtctiniam. 

4.  See  111,  n.  2. 

5.  eclipses. 

6.  nam. 

7.  See  pp.  88-97. 

8.  Descriptive    genitive   with 


9.  indifferently. 

10.  sc.  libro. 

11.  I  am  not  disposed. 

12.  This  refers  to  the  record 
of  events  kept  at  the  house  of 
the  high  priest. 

13.  provisions. 

14.  m.ist. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE. 


119 


III,  4. 

117.  iQuod  P.  Africans  et  aliis  tunc  viris  nobilibus  ante 
%etatem  senectam  barbam  et  genas^  radere  mos  patrius 
fuit. 

In  libris  quos  de  vita  P.  Scipionis  Africani  compositos 
legimus,  scriptum  esse  animadvertimus,  P.  Scipioni^  Pauli    5 
filio,  postquam  de  Poenis  triumphaverat  censorque  fuerat, 
Miem  dictum  esse  ad^  populum  a  Claudio  Asello,  tribuno 
plebis,  cuF  equum    in   censura    ademerat,  eumque,  cum 
esset  reus^  neque  barbam  desisse^  radi  neque  non  Can- 
dida veste  uti  neque  fuisse    cultu^^  solito  reorum.     Sed  10 
cum    in    eo    tempore    Scipionem    minorem    quadraginta 
annorum  fuisse  constaret,  quod  de  barba  rasa  ita  scriptum 
esset  mirabamur.     Comperimus  autem  ceteros  quoque  in 
eisdem    temporibus    nobiles   viros   barbam  ^Hn  eiusmodi 
aetate    rasitavisse^^,    idcircoque  plerasque  imagines  vete-  ^5 
rum,   non    admodum   senum,   sed  in   medio    aetatis,    ita 
factas  videmus. 


1.  The  Romans  in  eady  times 
wore  the  beard  long.  Barbers 
were  introduced  300  B.C.,  and 
Pliny  says  that  Scipio  Africanus 
Major  was  the  first  Roman  who 
was  shaved  every  day.  The 
custom  soon  became  general. 
In  times  of  mourning  or  trouble 
the  beard  was  allowed  to  grow. 

2.  aetdtem  senectam  =  senec- 
tiitem. 

3.  cheeks. 

4.  Indirect  object  of  dictum 
esse. 


5.  See  idioms. 

6.  apud. 

7.  See  Introduction    IV,    16, 

8.  a  defenda7tt,  under  arrest. 

9.  From   desindy    cf.    cessdre, 
/mem  facere. 

10.  cultus  =  vestttus   et   ornd- 
mentum  corporis. 

11.  at  this  age,  i.e.  at  about 
forty. 

12.  Frequentative     of     rddo, 
post-Augustan  and  very  rare. 


120  AULUS  GELLIUS, 

III,  8. 

118.  Litterae  eximiae^  consulum  C.  Fabric!^  et  Q.  Aemili 
ad  regem  Pyrrhum^  a  Q.  Claudio^  scriptore  historiarum 
in  memoriam  datae. 

Cum  Pyrrhus  rex  in  terra  Italia  esset  et  ^unam  atque 

5    alteram    pugnas    prospere    pugnasset   ^satisque    agerent 

Roman!  et  ''pleraque  Italia  ad  regem   descivisset^,  tum 

Ambraciensis'"^  quispiam  Timochares,  regis  Pyrrhi  amicus, 

ad  C.  Fabricium  consulem  furtim  venit  ac  praemium  peti- 

vit  et,  si  de  praemio  conveniret^^,  promisit  regem  venenis 

lo  necare,  idque  facile  esse  factu  dixit,  quoniam  filius  suus 

pocula  in  convivio  regi  ministraret.     Eam  rem  Fabricius 

ad  senatum  scripsit.      Senatus  ad  regem   legates  misit 

mandavitque^^   ut    de    Timochare    nihil    proderent,    sed 

monerent  uti   rex  circumspectius  ageret  atque  a  proxi- 

15  morum  insidiis  salutem  tiitaretur.^^     Hoc  ita,  uti  diximus, 

in  ^^Valeri  Antiatis  historia  scriptum  est.     Quadrigarius 

autem  in  libro  tertio  n5n  Timocharem,  sed  Niciam  adisse 

1.  egregiae.  .  7-  maxima  pars  Ttaliae. 

2.  See  selection  110,  n.  i.  8.  dejecisset^  cf.  Eng.  defec- 
This  consulship  was  in  278  B.C.  tion. 

3.  The  brave  and  noble  king  9.  Ambracia  is  a  town  in  Epi- 
of  Epirus  who  crossed  into  Italy  rus.  What  does  the  ending  -en- 
and  fought  against  the  Romans,  sis  denote? 

280-274  B.C.  10.  if    an     agreement     were 

4.  Q.  Claudius  Quadrigarius,       made. 

100-78   B.C.,  wrote  a  history  of  11.  imperdvit. 

Rome.      Gellius  seems  to  have  12.  defenderet. 

thought  more  of  him  as  a  histo-  13.  Q.  Valerius  Antias  flour- 

rian  than  other  writers.  ished  about  80  B.C.     Livy  calls 

5.  See  idioms.  him  the  most  mendacious  of  all 

6.  had  all  they  could  do,  the  annalists. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  121 

ad  consulem  scripsit,  ^neque  legates  a  senatu  miss5s  sed 
a  consulibus,  et  Pyrrhum  populo  Romano  laudes  atque 
gratias  scripsisse  captivosque  omnes  qu5s  turn  habuit, 
vestivisse  et  reddidisse. 

Consules   turn   fuerunt   C.  Fabricius  et  Q.  Aemilius.    S 
Litteras  quas  ad  regem  Pyrrhum  super  ea  causa  mise- 
runt,  Claudius  Quadrigarius  scripsit  fuisse  hoc  exemplo^: 

"  Consules  Roman!  ^salutem  dicunt  Pyrrho  regi.  Nos 
pro  tuis  iniuriis  continuis  %nimo  tenus  commoti  inimi- 
citer  tecum  bellare^  studemus.  Sed  communis  exempli  lo 
et  fidei  ergo^  visum'^  ut  te  salvum  velimus,  ^ut  esset 
quem  armis  vincere  possemus.  Ad  nos  venit  Nicias, 
familiaris  tuus,  qui  sibi  praemium  a  nobis  peteret,  si  te 
clam  interfecisset^.  Id  nos  negavimus  velle,  neve^^  ob 
eam  rem  quicquam  commodi  exspectaret,  et  simul^^  visum  15 
est  ut  te  ^^certiorem  faceremus,  ne  quid^^  eiusmodi,  si 
accidisset,  nostro  consilio  civitates  putarent  factum,  et 
quod  nobis  n5n  placet  pretio  aut  praemio  aut  dolis  pu- 
gnare.     Tu,  nisi  caves,  iacebis^^" 

1.  Or.  et  legdtds  missos  {esse)  9.  What  tense  in  direct  dis- 
non  d  sendtu  sed  d  consulibus.  course  ? 

2.  sententid.  10.  neve^=et  ne.      ne  .  .  .  ex- 

3.  See  idioms.  spectdret=ndlt  exspectdre  oi  di- 

4.  moved  to  the  heart,     tenus  rect  discourse, 
always  follows  its  case.  11.  eodem  tempore. 

5.  V2iX.  bellum  gerere.  12.  See  idioms. 

6.  causd.  13.  Subject  oi  factum  {esse). 

7.  sc.  esty  it  has  seemed  right.  14.  Par.  mortuus  eris. 

8.  that  there  might  be  one. 


122  AULUS   GELLIUS. 

Ill,  15. 
119.     lExstare  in  litteris  perque  hominum  memorias  tradi- 
tum2  quod  repente  multis  mortem  attulit  gaudium^  in- 
gens  insperatum,  ^interclusa  anima  et  vim  magni  novique 
motus  non  sustinente. 

5  Cognito  repente  insperato  gaudio  exspirasse  animam* 
refert  Aristoteles^  philosophus  Polycritam,  nobilem  femi- 
nam  ^Naxo  insula.  Philippides^  quoque,  comoediarum 
poeta  haud  ignobilis,  ^aetate  iam  edita,  cum  in  certamine 
poetarum  praeter  spem  vicisset  et  laetissime  gauderet, 

10  inter  illud  gaudium  repente  mortuus  est.  De  Rhodio 
etiam  Diagora  celebrata  historia  est.  Is  Diagoras  tres 
filios  adulescentes  habuit,  unum  pugilem^^,  alterum  pan- 
cratiasten^^  tertium  luctatorem^l  Eos  omnis  vidit  vincere 
coronarique  Olympiae^^  eodem  die  et,  cum  ibi  eum  tres 

15  adulescentes  amplexi  coronis  suis  in  caput  patris  positis 
saviarentur^^,  cum  populus  gratulabundus^^  flores  undique 

1 .  That  there  appears  in  docii-  9.  Par.  in  senectUte. 
ments  and  has  been  handed  down            10.  boxer. 

by  the  traditions  of  men  the  story  11.  The   pancratium  was   an 

that.  athletic   contest   combining   the 

2.  sc  esse.  best  arts  of  wrestling  and  box- 

3.  The  subject.  ing.     One   engaging   in   such   a 

4.  since  their  breath  was  contest  might  be  called  an  'all- 
stifled.  round  athlete.' 

5.  0\y\QzX.  oi  exsptrdsse.  12.  wrestler. 

6.  The  learned  and  distin-  13.  The  famous  spot  in  Elis 
guished  philosopher,  born  384  where  the  Olympic  games  were 
B.C.  held. 

7.  Locative  ablative.  14.  oscular entur. 

8.  A  prominent  writer  of  the  15.  What  is  the  force  of  the 
New   Comedy.      He   flourished  suffix -bundles  ? 

about  323  B.C. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  123 

in  eum  iaceret,  ibidem  in  stadio\  inspectante  populo,  in 
osculis  atque  in  manibus  filiorum,  ^animam  efflavit. 

Praeterea  in  nostris  annalibus  scriptum  legimus,  ^qua 
tempestate  apud  Cannas^  exercitus  populi  Romani  caesus 
est,  anum^  matrem  nuntio  de  morte  fili  adlato,  luctu  atque  5 
maerore  adf ectam  esse ;  sed  is  nuntius  non  verus  f uit  atque 
is  adulescens  non  diu  post  ex  ea  pugna  in  urbem  rediit ; 
anus,  repente  filio  viso,  copia  atque  turba  ^et  quasi  ruina 
incidentis  inopinatf  gaudi  oppressa  exanimataque  est. 

1.  stadium    est   locus  in   quo  completely  crushed  a  great  Ro- 
dthletae  certdbant.  man  army,  216  B.C. 

2.  Par.  mortuus  est.  5.  See  p.  no,  1.  14. 

3.  Par.  illo  tempore  quo.  6.  andy  as  it  were,  storm. 

4.  Cannae,  the  little  town  in  7.  improvtst,  subitt. 
Apulia    near    which     Hannibal 

IV,  8. 

120.     Quid  C.  Fabricius^  de  Comelio  Rufino^  homine  avaro  10 
dixerit,  quern,  cum  odisset  inimicusque  esset,  designan- 
dum^  tamen  consulem  curavit. 

Fabricius  Luscinus  magna  gloria  vir  magnisque  rebus 
gestis  fuit.     P.  Cornelius  Rufinus  manu  quidem*  strenuus 
et  bellator  bonus  militarisque  disciplinae  ^peritus  admo-  15 
dum  fuit,  sed  furax^  homo  et  avaritia  acri  erat.     Hunc 
Fabricius  non  probabat  neque  ^amico  utebatur  ^osusque 

1.  See  selection  110,  n.  i.  5.  perttus  admodum  =peritis' 

2.  Consul  in  290  and  277  B.C.       simus. 

'^.  creandum.    The  gerundive  6.  filr=a  thief.    What  is  the 

agreeing  with  the  object  is  used  force  of  the  suffix  -dx  ? 
with  cHro  to  express  purpose.  7.  See  idioms. 

4.  See  Introduction,  III,  C,/.  8.  osus  .  .  .  fuit  =  oderat. 


124  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

eum  morum  causa  fuit.  Sed  cum  in  temporibus  rei^  diffi- 
cillimis  consules  creandi  forent^  et  is  Rufinus  peteret 
consulatum  competitoresque  eius  essent  imbelles  quidam 
et  futtiles^,  summa  ope'*  adnixus  est  Fabricius  uti  Rufino 

5  consulatus  deferretur.  Earn  rem  plerisque  admirantibus, 
quod  hominem  avarum  cui  esset  inimicissimus,  creari 
consulem  peteret,  "  Malo,"  inquit,  "  civis  me  compilet^ 
quam  hostis  vendat." 

^Hunc  Rufinum  postea  bis  consulatu  et  dictatura  func- 

lo  tum'  censor  Fabricius  senatu  movit  ^ob  luxuriae  notam, 
quod  decem  pondo^  libras  ^^argenti  facti  haberet.  Id 
autem,  quod  supra  scrips!,  Fabricium  de  Cornelio  Rufino 
ita,  uti  in  pleraque  historia  scriptum  est,  dixisse,  M. 
Cicer5  non  aliis    a    Fabricio,  sed  ipsi   Rufino,  ^^gratias 

15  agent!  quod  ope  eius  designatus  esset^,  dictum  esse 
refert^^  in  libro  secundo  De  Oratore. 

1.  sc.  publicae.  ^ .  performed  the  duties  of , 

2.  essent.  8.  as  a  reproach  for  high  liv- 

3.  vdnly  leves.  ing. 

4.  potentid.  9.  in  weight. 

5.  rob.     sc.  ut ;  so,  too,  with            10.  argentt facti  ■=  silver  plate, 
vendat.  ii.  See  idioms. 

6.  Or.  Fabricius  censor  posted  12.  cf.  p.  123,  1.  11. 

movit hunc  RUfnum,  bis  fUnctum  13.  ndrrat^  subject  is  Cicero. 

tonsuldta  et  dictdtUrd,  sendtU  ob, 

etc. 

V,  2. 

121.     Super^  equo  Alezandri  regis,  qui  Bucephalas  appella- 
tus  est. 

Equus  Alexandr!  regis  et  capite  et  nomine  *  Bucepha- 

I.  de. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE. 


125 


las^ '  fuit.  Emptum^  Chares^  scripsit  talentis*  tredecim  et 
regi  Philippe^  donatum^  ;  hoc  autem  ^aeris  nostri  summa 
est  sestertia*^  trecenta  duodecim.  Super  hoc  equo  dignum 
memoria  visum^  quod,  ubi  ornatus  erat  armatusque  ad 
proelium,  ^haud  umquam  inscendi  sese  ab  alio  nisi  ab 
rege  passus  sit.  Id  etiam  de  isto  equo  memoratum  est, 
quod^^,  cum  insidens  in  eo  Alexander  bello  Indico  et 
facinora^^  faciens  fortia,  in  hostium  cuneum^  non  satis 
sibi  providens  immisisset,  coniectisque  undique  in  Ale- 
xandrum  telis,  ^Volneribus  altis  in  cervice  atque  in  latere 
equus  perfossus  esset^*,  moribundus^^  tamen  ac  prope  iam 
exsanguis  e  mediis  hostibus  regem  vivacissimo^^  cursu 
rettulit  atque,  ubi  eum  extra^'^  tela  extulerat,  ^^ilico  con- 
cidit  et  ^Momini  iam  superstitis  securus  quasi  cum  sensus 


1.  A  Greek  compound  mean- 
ing ox-head. 

2.  sc.  esse.  The  subject  is 
equum  understood. 

3.  A  court  officer  of  Alexan- 
der, who  wrote  a  history  of  his  life. 

4.  A  talent  is  a  Grecian  meas- 
ure of  value  worth  about  $1080 
in  gold. 

5.  Father  of  Alexander  and 
king  of  Macedon,  359-336  B.C. 

6.  pecuniae  nostrae. 

7.  A  sestertmtn  ==  one  thou- 
sand sestertii^  and  a  sestertius  = 
4.1  cents. 

8.  sc.  est. 

9.  numquam. 

ID.  quod  here,  as  above,  intro- 
duces a  statement  of  fact,  and 


is  translated  by  that  and  followed 
by  the  indicative.  Gellius  often 
uses  this  construction  where  the 
best  writers  would  use  the  infini- 
tive with  subject  accusative. 

11.  gesta^  facta. 

12.  Literally  a  wedge,  refer- 
ring to  the  arrangement  of  the 
troops  in  that  form. 

13.  abl.  of  means. 

14.  had  been  pierced. 

1 5.  What  is  the  force  of  the 
suffix? 

16.  Ant.  tardissimo. 

17.  Ant.  intra. 

18.  Par.  in  ipso  tempore  in 
terram  decidit. 

19.  now  assured  of  his  mas- 
ter"* s  safety. 


126  AULUS   GELLIUS. 

humani  solacio^  animam  exspiravit.  Turn  rex  Alexander, 
parta  eius  belli  victoria,  oppidum  in  eisdem  locis  condidit 
idque  ^ob  equi  honores  *  Bucephalon '  appellavit. 

I.  satisfaction.  2.  Par.  ut  equutn  honor dret. 

V,5- 
122.     Cuiusmodi  ioco^  incavillatus  sit^  Antiochum^  regem 
5  Poenus  Hannibal^. 

In  libris  veterum  memoriarum^  scriptum  est  Hanni- 
balem  Carthaginiensem  ^apud  regem  Antiochum  facetis- 
sime^  cavillatum  esse.  Ea  cavillatio^  huiuscemodi  fuit : 
ostendebat  ei  Antiochus  in  campo  copias  ingentis  quas 

10  bellum  populo  Romano  facturus^  comparaverat,  converte- 
batque  exercitum  insignibus  argenteis  et  aureis  floren- 
tem  ;  inducebat  etiam  currus  cum  falcibus^^  et  elephantos 
cum  turribus  equitatumque  frenis,  ephippiis^\  monllibus^^, 
phaleris^^  praef  ulgentem^'*.     Atque  ibi  rex,  contemplatione 

15  tanti  ac  tam  ornati  exercitus  gloriabundus,  Hannibalem 
aspicit  et  "  Putasne,"  inquit,  "  conferri^^  posse  ac  satis 

1.  cf.  Yxvg.joke.  6.  See  idioms. 

2.  mocked^  fooled.  7.  cf.  Eng.  derivative. 

3.  Antiochus  the  Great,  king  8.  iocus. 

of  Syria,  223-187  B.C.  9.  Expresses  purpose. 

4.  The  great  general  who  for  10.  scythes. 
sixteen  years  defied  the  power  11.  saddles. 
of  Rome.     After  his  final  defeat  12.  necklaces. 

he  fled  for  refuge  to  the  court  1 3.  breast  decorations. 

of  Antiochus   (195  B.C.),  whom  14.  prae  in  composition  very 

he  persuaded  to  make  war  upon  often     simply    strengthens    the 

the  Romans.  meaning  of  the  word ;  praefulgens 

5.  historidrum.  =  brilliantly  shining. 

1 5.  be  compared. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE. 


127 


esse  Romanis  haec  omnia  ? "  Turn  Poenus,  eludens^ 
ignaviam  imbelliamque^  militum  eius  pretiose^  armato- 
rum  :  **  Satis,  plane  satis  esse  credo  Romanis  haec  omnia, 
etiam  si  avarissimi  sunt."  Nihil  prorsum^  neque^  tarn 
lepide^  neque  tam  acerbe  dici  potest :  rex  de  numero 
exercitOs  sui  ac  Me  aestimanda  aequiperatione  quaesi- 
verat,  respondit  Hannibal  de  praeda. 

negation  is  not  destroyed  by  suc- 
ceeding negatives,  each  introduc- 
ing a  separate  subordinate  mem- 
ber. 

6.  neatly. 

7-  whether  it  could  be  consid- 
ered on  an  equality. 


1 .  sneering  at. 

2.  A  post- Augustan  word 
derived  from  imbellis  =  non  aptus 
hello. 

3.  sutnpttidse^  eleganter. 

4.  at  all. 

5.  Remember  that  a  general 


V,9. 
123.     Historia  de  Croesii  filio   muto   ex  Herodoti^  libris. 

Filius  Croesi  regis,  cum  iam  fari  ^per  aetatem  posset, 
infans  erat  et,  cum  iam  multum  adolevisset,  item  nihil 
fari  quibat'*.  Mutus  adeo^  et  elinguis^  diu  habitus  est. 
■^Cum  in  patrem  eius^,  bello  magno  victum  et  urbe^  in 
qua  erat  capta,  hostis  gladio  deducto,  regem  esse  ign5- 
rans,  invaderet^^,  diduxit-^^  adulescens  os,  clamare  nitens, 


1.  KingofLydia,  560-546 B.C. 
His  name  has  become  synony- 
mous with  boundless  wealth. 

2.  The  famous  Greek  histo- 
rian known  as  the  "  father  of  his- 
tory."    He  was  born  484  B.C. 

3.  so  far  as  his  age  was  con- 
cerned. 

4.  poterat. 

5.  indeed,  strengthens  miltus. 


6.  Note  the  etymology. 

7.  Or.  Cum  hostis  gladio  de- 
ducto, regem  esse  ignordns,  in 
patrem,  eius,  bello  mdgno  victum 
et  urbe  in  qua  erat  captd,  invd- 
deret,  adulescens  os  didUxit,  etc. 

8.  eius  refers  to  adulescens. 

9.  viz.  Sardis. 

10.  impetum  facer  et. 

11.  Ant.  clausit. 


128  AULUS   GELLIUS. 

eoque  nisu^  atque  impetu  spiritus  vitium^  nodumque 
linguae  rupit  planeque  et  articulate  elocutus  est,  damans 
in  hostem  ne  rex  Croesus  occideretur.  Turn  et  hostis 
gladium  reduxit  et  rex  vita  donatus   est  et  adulescens 

5  loqui  ^prorsum  deinceps  incepit.  Herodotus  in  Historiis 
huius  memoriae  scriptor  est,  eiusque  verba  sunt  quae 
prima  dixisse  filium  Croesi  referf^ :  ^"Av^/owttc,  /x^  ktcivc 
Kpoto"ov. 

Sed    et    quispiam^    Samius^   athleta,    nomen    illi    fuit 

lo  'E;(c/cA.oi}s^,  cum  antea  non  loquens  fuisset,  ob  similem 
dicitur  causam  loqui  coepisse.  Nam  cum  in  sacro  cer- 
tamine  sortitio^  inter  ipsos  et  adversaries  non  bona  fide 
fieret  et  sortem  nominis^^  falsam  subici"  animadvertisset, 
repente  in  eum  qui  id  faciebat,  videre  sese  quid  faceret, 

15  magnum^^  inclamavit.  Atque  is  oris  vinculo  solutus  ^^per 
omne  inde  vitae  tempus  ^^non  turbide  neque  adhaese  locu- 
tus  est. 

1.  cdndtii.  wood  containing  the  names   of 

2.  impedimentum.  the  contestants. 

3.  right  along  thereafter.  10.  gen.  of   specification   de- 

4.  ndrrat.  pending   on  falsam,    A.   218  c\ 

5.  Cavey  homo,    ne  Croesum  H.  399,  III,   i. 
occtdds.  1 1.,  being  substituted. 

6.  quidam.  12.  mdgndvoce. 

7.  Samos  is  a  large  island  in  13.  Par.     prorsum     deinceps, 
the  Aegean  Sea.  see  1.  5. 

8.  EcheclUs.  14.  Par.  pldne   et  articuldte, 

9.  a  casting  of  lots  (sortes).  cf.  1.  2. 
The  lots   were  usually  bits  of 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  129 

VI, 
124.     Histoiia  de  Polo  histrione^  memoratu  digna. 

Histrio  in  terra  Graecia  fuit  fama  celebri,  qui  ^gestus 
et  vocis  claritudine  et  venustate  ceteris  antistabat^:  nomen 
fuisse  aiunt  Polum,  tragoedias  poetarum  nobilium  scite 
atque  adseverate^  actitavit^  Is  Polus  unice  amatum 
filium  morte  amisit.  Eum  luctum^  quoniam  satis  visus  s 
est  eluxisse^,  rediit  ad  quaestum  artis. 

In  eo  tempore  Athenis  Electram^  Sophoclis^  acturus, 
gestare  urnam  quasi  cum  Oresti  ossibus  debebat.  ^^Ita 
compositum  fabulae  argumentum  est  ut  "veluti  fratris 
reliquias  ferens  Electra  comploret  commisereaturque  ^^in-  lo 
teritum  eius  existimatum.  Igitur  Polus,  lugubri  habitu 
Electrae  indutus^^,  ossa  atque  urnam  e  sepulcro  tulit  fili 
et,  quasi  Oresti  amplexus,  opplevit  omnia  non  simulacris 
neque  imitamentis,  sed  luctu  atque  lamentis  ^Veris  et 
spirantibus.  Itaque  cum  agi  fabula  videretur,  ^Molor  15 
actus  est. 

1.  actor.  tra,  which  is  supposed  to  con- 

2.  Or.  venustate  gestus  et  eld-  tain   the   ashes   of   her  brother 
ritildine  vocis.  Orestes. 

3.  praestdbat,  superior  erat.  9.  The  greatest  of  Greek  tra- 

4.  earnestly.  gedians,  495-406  B.C. 

5.  What  is  the  force  of  the  10.  Or.  argumentum  fdbulae 
suffix  ?  ita  compositu?n  est. 

6.  Ant.  gaudium .     For   con-  1 1 .  veluti  .  .  .  ferens  =  believ- 
struction,  see  Introduction,  IV,  ing  that  she  is  carrying. 

16,  4,  r.  12.  V2iX.  mortem  eius  creditam. 

7.  to  have  finished  mourning  13.  vestttus,  amictus. 

over.  14.  The  adjectives  modify /«^- 

8.  In  the  play  a  funeral  urn       tii  as  well  as  Idmentts. 
is  brought  to  the  heroine,  Elec-  1 5.  real  sorrow. 


130  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

VI,  i8. 

125.  De  observata  custoditaque  apud  Romanos  iuris 
iurandi  sanctimonia ;  ^atque  inibi  de  decern  captivis, 
quos  Romam  Hannibal  deiurio^  ab  his  accepto  legavit*. 

lus  iurandum  apud  Romanos  inviolate  sancteque  habi- 

5    turn  servatumque  est.     Id  et  moribus  legibusque  multis 

ostenditur,  et  hoc  quod  dicemus  ei  rei  non  tenue  argu- 

mentum  esse  potest.     Post  proelium  Cannense^  Hannibal, 

Carthaginiensium  imperator,  ex   captivis  nostris  electos 

decern  Romam  misit  mandavitque  eis  ^pactusque  est  ut, 

lo  si  populo  Romano  videretur,  permutatio  fieret  captiv5rum 

et  '^pro  his  quos  alter!  plures  acciperent,  darent  argenti 

pondo  libram  et  selibram^     Hoc,  priusquam  proficisce- 

rentur,  ius  iurandum  eos  adegit^,  redituros  esse  in  castra 

Poenica,  si  Romani  captivos  non  permutarent. 

IS       Veniunt    Romam    decem    captivi.      Mandatum    Poeni 

imperatoris    in    senatu   exponunt.       Permutatio    senatui 

non  placita^^     Parentes,  "cognati  adfinesque  captivorum 

amplexi  eos,  postliminio^^  in  patriam  redisse  dicebant  sta- 

1.  Remember  that   a  perfect       either  party  should  receive  in  ex- 
participle    is    often   best   trans-       cess  {of  the  other). 

lated  by  a  participial  or  verbal  8.  a  half-pound. 

noun  with  of.  9.  to  bind  some  one  by  an  oath 

2.  See  111,  n.  I.  is  usually  expressed /V?r^ /«r««^^ 

3.  Found    only  in    Gellius  =  aliquem  adigere,  but  here  adigo 
iHre  iurando.  takes  two  accusatives. 

4.  legdtos  misit.  10.  sc.  est. 

5.  The  battle  of  Cannae  (216  11.  kinsmen  and  relatives. 
B.C.),  in  which  the  Romans  suf-  12.  by  the  right   of  postlimi- 
fared  a  most  disastrous  defeat.  nium.      By   this   is   meant    the 

6.  Y2X.  pactum  fecit,   cf .  Eng.  right   to    resume    one's   former 
coxa-pact.  place  in  civil  affairs. 

7.  in  return  for  those  whom. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  131 

tumque  eorum  integrum  incolumemque  esse,  ac  ne  ad 
hostes  redire  vellent  orabant.  Turn  octo  ex  his  postli- 
minium iustum  non  esse  sibi  responderunt  quoniam  de- 
iurio  vincti  forent\  statimque,  uti  iurati  erant^,  ad 
Hannibalem  profecti  sunt.  Duo  reliqui  Romae  manse-  5 
runt  solutosque^  esse  se  ac  liberates  religione'*  dicebant, 
quoniam,  cum  egressi  castra^  hostium  fuissent,  commen- 
ticio®  consilio  regressi  eodem^,  tamquam  si  ob  aliquam 
fortuitam  causam,  issent  atque  ita  iure  iurando  satisfacto 
rursum  iniurati^  abissent.  Haec  eorum  fraudulenta^  lo 
calliditas^^  tam  esse  turpis  existimata  est,  ut  contempti 
volgo"  discerptique^^  sint  censoresque  eos  postea  omnium 
notarum^^  et  damnis  et  ignominiis  adfecerint,  quoniam 
^^quod  facturos  deieraverant  non  fecissent. 

1.  addcti  essent.  9.  What  is  the  force  of  the 

2.  A  deponent  verb.  suffix  ? 

3.  Ant.  vinctos.  10.  cunning. 

4.  iure  iurando.  11.  VdiX.  ab  omnibus. 

5.  Object  oi  egressT  fuissent,  12.  reviled. 

which  is  used  transitively.  13.  nota=-sign    or   mark,    is 

6.  devised,  false,  preconcerted.  here  used  of  the  marlc  against 

7.  An2id\.=ineundem  locum.  the  name  of  a  degraded  citizen 

8.  Ant.  iUrdti.  on  the  censor*s  list. 

14.   Par.  quod  se  factUros  esse  pacti  erant. 


132  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

VII,  17. 

126.  Quis  omnium  primus  libros  publice  praebuerit^  legen- 
dos^;  quantusque  numerus  fuerit  Athenis  %nte  clades 
Persicas  libronun  in  bibliothecis  publicis. 

Libros  Athenis  disciplinarum  liberalium  publice  ad 
5  legendum  praebendos  primus  posuisse  dicitur  Pisistra- 
tus*  tyrannus.  Postea  studiosius  accuratiusque  ipsi 
Athenienses  auxerunt^ ;  sed  omnem  illam  postea  libro- 
rum  copiam  Xerxes^,  Athenarum  potitus'^,  urbe  ipsa 
praeter  arcem  incensa,  abstulit  asportavitque^  in  Persas. 
10  Eos  porro^  libros  universos  multis  post  tempestatibus 
Seleucus^^  rex,  qui  Nicator  appellatus  est,  referendos 
Athenas  curavit^^ 

Ingens  postea  numerus  librorum  in  Aegypt5  ab  Ptole- 

maeis^^  regibus  ^Vel  conquisitus  vel  confectus  est  ad  milia 

15  ferme  voluminum  septingenta  ;  sed  ea  omnia  bello  priore 

Alexandrino^'*,  dum  diripitur  ea  civitas,  non  sponte  neque 

1.  dederit.  7.  potior  often  takes  the  gen- 

2.  Remember  that  after  verbs       itive. 

of  giving,    permitting,   and   the  8.  For  abs-portdvit. 
like,  the  gerundive  in  agreement  9.  posted,  deinde. 
with  the  object  is  used  to  express            10.  One  of  Alexander's  gen- 
purpose,  erals  and  founder  of  the  Syrian 

3.  Par.  ante  bella  Persica.  monarchy,  reigned  312-280  B.C. 

4.  Tyrant  of  Athens,  560-527  11.  euro  \s  used  with  the  ac- 
B.c.  He  adorned  Athens  with  cusative  and  gerundive  express- 
many  beautiful  public  buildings  ing  purpose  in  the  sense  of  to 
and  did  much  to  encourage  liter-  see  to,  order. 

ature.  12.  This  applies  especially  to 

5.  sc.  numerum  librorum  as  Ptolemy  Soter  (323-285  B.C.), 
object.  and  to  his   son  Ptolemy  Phila- 

6.  The   famous    invasion  of       delphus  (285-247  B.C.). 
Xerxes  was  in  480  B.C.  13.  either  collected  or  made. 

14.  48-47  B.C. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE,  133 

opera  consulta,  sed  a  militibus  forte  auxiliaribus  incensa 
sunt^ 

I.  The  library  was  soon  re-       ishing  condition  until  destroyed 
stored  and  continued  in  a  flour-      by  the  Arabs,  640  a.d. 


IX,  3. 

127.     Epistula  Philippic  regis  ad  Aristotelem^  philosophum 
super  Alexandro^  recens^  nato. 

Philippus,  Amyntae^  filius,  terrae  Macedoniae  rex,  5 
cuius  virtute  industriaque  Macetae^,  locupletissimo^  im- 
perio  aucti,  ^gentium  nationumque  multarum  potiri  coepe- 
rant  et  cuius  vim  atque  arma  toti  Graeciae  ^cavenda 
metuendaque  inclutae^^  illae  Demosthenis^^  orationes  con- 
tionesque^^  vocificant^^,  is  Philippus,  cum  in  omni  fere  10 
tempore  negotiis  belli  victoriisque  adfectus  exercitusque^'* 
esset,   a   liberal!   tamen    Miisa  et  a   studiis  humanitatis 

1.  See  p.  125,  1.  2.  9.  sc.  esse.     The  participles 

2.  See  p.  122, 1.  6.  Alexander  agree  with  vim  atque  arma.  The 
became  the  pupil  of  Aristotle  and  infinitives  depend  upon  vocifi- 
had  the  highest  regard  for  him.  cant. 

3.  Alexander  the  Great  (356-  10.  cldrae. 

323   B.C.),    the  well-known  con-  11.  The   reference   is   to  the 

queror  of  the  world.  famous  orations  known  as  the 

4.  An  2A^^x\i=^recenter,  nil-  Philippics  and  Olynthiacs,  by 
per.  means    of    which    Demosthenes 

5.  King  of  Macedon,  393-  vainly  strove  to  resist  the  aggres- 
369  B.C.  sions  of  Philip. 

6.  Macedones.  12.  harangues. 

7.  dttissimo.  13.  demonstrant,  declarant. 

8.  The  genitives  depend  upon  14.  A  perf.  part,  used  as  a 
pottri.  predicate  adjective  =  z/^.rJ/2^j'. 


134  AULUS  GELLIUS, 

numquam  afuit  quin^  ^lepide  comiterque  pleraque  et 
faceret  et  diceret.  Feruntur  adeo^  libri  epistularum  eius, 
munditiae*  et  venustatis  et  prudentiae  plenarum,  velut 
sunt  illae  litterae  quibus  Aristoteli  philosopho  natum  esse 

5    sibi  Alexandrum  nuntiavit. 

Ea  epistula,  quoniam  ^curae  diligentiaeque  in  liberorum 
disciplinas  hortamentum^  est,  exscribenda  visa  est  ad  com- 
monendos  parentum  animos.  Exponenda^  est  igitur  ad 
hanc  ferme  sententiam  : 

lo      "  Philippus  Aristoteli  ^salutem  dicit. 

Filium  mihi  genitum  scito.  Quod^  equidem  dis  habeo 
gratiam^^,  non  ^^proinde  quia  natus  est  quam  pro  eo,  quod 
nasci  contigit  temporibus  vitae  tuae.  Spero  enim  fore 
ut,  eductus  eruditusque  a  te,  dignus  exsistat  et  nobis  et 

15  ^^rerum  istarum  susceptione." 

1.  ut  non.  7.  reddenda.      Philip     natu- 

2.  neatly  and  courteously.  rally  wrote  in   Greek. 

3.  vero.  8.  See  idioms. 

4.  elegantiae.  9.  ace.   of  specification,   lit- 

5.  Objective     genitives  de-         erally  as  to  which. 
pending  on  hortdmentum.  10.  See  idioms. 

6.  What  is  the  force  of  the  11.  proinde  .  .  .quam=aeque 
suffix  -mentum  ?  or  pariter  .  ,  .  dc. 

12.  VdiX.  sm  regnu 


NOCTES  ATTICAE.  ]35 

N.  B.  The  remaining  selections  have  for  their  purpose  a  final  test  of  the  ability 
to  read  at  sight.  They  are  not  more  difficult  than  those  immediately  preceding,  but 
the  accompanying  notes  contain  no  information  bearing  directly  upon  the  transla- 
tion. 

X,7. 

128.  Fluminum  quae  ultra  imperiiun  Romanum  fluunt 
prima  magnitudine  esse  Nilum,  secunda  Histrum^  pro- 
xima  Rhodanum,  sicuti  M.  Varronem^  memini  scribere. 

Omnium  fluminum  quae  in  maria,  qua  imperium  Ro- 
manum est,  fluunt,  quam^  Graeci  V^v  cto-co  OaXaaaav  appel-  5 
lant,  maximum  esse  Nilum  consentitur.  Proxima  magni- 
tudine esse  Histrum  scripsit  Sallustius^  Varro  autem 
cum  de  parte  orbis  quae  Europa  dicitur,  dissereret,  in 
tribus  primis  eius  terrae  fluminibus  Rhodanum  esse  ponit, 
per  quod  videtur  eum  facere  Histro  aemulum.  Histros  10 
enim  quoque  in  Eurdpa  fluit. 

1.  The  Danube.  4.   TAe  inner  sea,  i.e.  the  Med- 

2.  See  p.  109,  1.  5.  iterranean. 

3.  The  relative  is  here  at-  5.  C.  Sallustius  Crispus,  the 
tracted  to  agree  with  OdXacra-av.  Roman  historian,  86-34  B.C. 

X,  10. 

129.  Quae  eius  rei  causa  sit  quod  et  Graeci  veteres  et 
Roman!  anulum  hoc  digito  gestaverint  qui  est  in  manu 
sinistra  minimo  proximus. 

Veteres  Graecos  anulum  habuisse  in  digito  accepimus  15 
sinistrae   manus  qui  minimd  est   proximus.      Romanos 
quoque   homines   aiunt   sic   plerumque    anulis    usitatos. 
Causam  esse  huius  rei  Apion^  in  libris  Aegyptiacis  banc 

I.  Apion,  a  Greek  gramma-  taught  rhetoric  at  Rome  in  the 
rian,  was  bom  in  Egypt  and  first  century  a.d.  His  work  on 
studied     at     Alexandria.       He      Egypt  was  in  five  books. 


136  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

dicit,  quod  insectis  apertisque  humanis  corporibus,  ut 
mos  in  Aegypto  fuit,  quas  Graeci  dmrojiia?^  appellant, 
repertum  est  nervum  quendam  tenuissimum  ab  eo  uno 
digito  de  quo  diximus,  ad  cor  hominis  pergere  ac  per- 
5  venire ;  propterea  non  inscitum  visum  esse  eum  potissi- 
mum  digitum  tali  honore  decorandum,  qui  continens  at 
quasi  conexus  esse  cum  principatu  cordis  videretur. 
I.  dissection. 

X,27. 

130.     Historia  de  populo  Romano  deque  populo  Poenico, 
quod  pari  prope  modum  vigore  fuerint  aemuli. 

lo  In  Htteris  veteribus  memoria  exstat  quod  par  quondam 
fuit  vigor  et  acritudo  amplitudoque  populi  Roman  i  at  que 
Poeni.  Neque  immerito  aestimatum.  Cum  aliis  quidem 
populis  de  uniuscuiusque  re  publica,  cum  Poenis  autem 
de  omnium  terrarum  imperio  decertatum. 

15  Eius  rei  specimen  est  in  illo  utriusque  populi  verbo 
factoque  :  Q.  Pabius\  imperator  Romanus,  dedit  ad 
Carthaginienses  epistulam.  Ibi  scriptum  fuit  populum 
Romanum  misisse  ad  eos  hastam  et  cadiiceum^,  signa 
duo   belli   aut   pacis,  ex    quis^  utrum  vellent   eligerent ; 

20  quod  elegissent,  id  unum  ut  esse  missum  existimarent. 
Carthaginienses  responderunt  neutrum  sese  eligere ;  sed 
posse,  qui  attulissent,  utrum  mallent  relinquere ;  quod 
reliquissent,  id  sibi  pro  electo  futurum. 

I.  Quintus   Fabius    Maxim  us  2.  The   caduceus  was  a  her- 

was  most  active  against  Hanni-  aid's   staff,    originally  an    olive 

bal  in  the   Second   Punic  War.  branch,  and    hence    a    sign    of 

His  extreme  caution  gave  him  peace. 

the  surname  of    Cunctator,   or  3.  A  contraction  for  quibus. 

Delayer.     He  died  203  B.C. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE,  137 

M.  autem  Varro^  n5n  hastam  ipsam  neque  ipsum  cadu- 
ceum  missa  dicit,  sed  duas  tesserulas,  in  quarum  altera 
caduceum  in  altera  hastae  simulacra  fuerint  incisa. 

I.  See  selection  111,  n.  2. 

XI,  14. 

131.  Sobrla  et  pulcherrima  Romuli^  regis  responsio  circa 

vini  usum.  ^ 

Simplicissima  suavitate  et  rei  et  orationis  L.  Piso 
Frugi^  usus  est  in  primo  Annali,  cum  de  Romuli  regis 
vita  atque  victu  scriberet.  Ea  verba  quae  scripsit  haec 
sunt :  Eundem  Romulum  dicunt,  ad  cenam  vocatum,  ibi 
non  multum  bibisse,  quia  postridie  neg5tium  haberet.  Ei  10 
dicunt :  "  Romule,  si  istud  omnes  homines  faciant,  vinum 
vilius  sit.''  His  respondit :  **  Immo  vero  carum,  si  quan- 
tum quisque  volet  bibat ;  nam  ego  bibi  quantum  volui." 

1.  Romulus,  the  chief  founder  cause  of  his  integrity,  was  trib- 
and  first  king  of  Rome,  753  B.C.  une  149  B.C.     His  Annals  con- 

2.  Lucius  Piso,  surnamed  tained  the  history  of  Rome  from 
Frugi,  or  '  man  of    honor,*   be-  the  earliest  period  to  his  own  age. 

XII,  8. 

132.  Reditiones   in   gratiam   nobiliiim  virorum   memoratu 

dignae.  i  ^ 

P.  Africanus^  superior  et  Tiberius  Gracchus^,   Tiber! 

I.  This  refers  to  Scipio  Afri-  2.  Tiberius  Gracchus,  a  dis- 
canus  Major,  born  234  B.C.  He  tinguished  general  who  won  re- 
was  unquestionably  one  of  the  nown  in  Spain  and  Sardinia.  He 
greatest  men  of  Rome.  His  was  tribune,  praetor,  censor,  and 
greatest  exploit  was  his  brilliant  twice  consul.  His  public  life 
victory  over  Hannibal,  202  B.C.  was  embraced  between  the  years 
See  pp.  69-87.  187  and  163  B.C. 


138  AULUS  GELLIUS, 

et  C.  Gracchorum^  pater,  rerum  gestarum  magnitudine 
et  honorum  atque  vitae  dignitate  inlustres  viri,  dissense- 
runt  saepenumero  de  re  publica  et  ea  sive  qua  alia  re 
n5n  amici  fuerunt.      Ea  simultas  cum  diu  mansisset  et 

5  sollemni  die  epulum  lovi  libaretur  atque  ob  id  sacrificium 
senatus  in  Capitolio  epularetur,  fors  fuit  ut  apud  eandem 
mensam  duo  illi  iunctim  locarentur.  Turn,  quasi  diis 
immortalibus  arbitris  in  convivid  lovis  optimi  maximi 
dexteras  eorum  conducentibus,  repente  amicissimi  facti. 

10  Neque  solum  amicitia  incepta,  sed  adfinitas  simul  insti- 
tuta ;  nam  P.  Scipio  filiam  virginem  habens  iam  viro 
maturam,  ibi  tunc  eodem  in  loco  despondit  eam  Tiberio 
Graccho,  quem  probaverat  elegeratque  exploratissimo 
iudic!  tempore  dum  inimicus  esset. 

15  Aemilius  quoque  Lepidus^  et  Fulvius  Flaccus^,  nobili 
genere  amplissimisque  honoribus  ac  summo  loco  in  civi- 
tate  praediti,  odio  inter  sese  gravi  et  simultate  diutina 
conflictati  sunt.  Postea  populus  eos  simul  censores  facit. 
Atque  illl,  ubi  voce  praeconis  renuntiati  sunt,  ibidem  in 

20  Campo*  statim,  nondum  dimissa  contione,  ultro  uterque 
et  pari  voluntate  coniuncti  complexique  sunt,  exque  eo 

1.  These  are  the  famous  trib-  Nobilior,  who  was  censor  with 
unes  who  gave  their  lives  in  a  Lepidus,  179  B.C.  Livy,  the  Ro- 
vain  attempt  to  redress  the  man  historian,  tells  this  story 
wrongs  of  the  people.  Tiberius  about  them,  Bk.  XL,  45  and  46. 
was  killed  by  a  mob,  133  B.C.,  4.  The  Campus  Martins,  a 
Caius,  121  B.C.  large  plain  outside  the  city  walls 

2.  A  distinguished  Roman  in  the  bend  of  the  Tiber,  north- 
who  died  152  B.C.,  full  of  years  west  of  the  Capitoline.  It  was 
and  honors.  used    for    elections    and     large 

3.  Gellius  is  mistaken  in  the  assemblies, 
man.     It  should  be  M.  Fulvius 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE  139 

die  et  in  ipsa  censura  et  postea  iugi  concordia  fidissime 
amicissimeque  vixerunt. 


XIII,  2. 

133.     Super  poetarum  Pacuvi^  et  Acci^  conloquio  familiari 
in  oppido  Tarentino. 

Quibus  otium  et  studium  fuit  vitas  atque  aetates  doc-    5 
torum  hominum   quaerere   ac  memoriae  tradere,  de  M. 
Pacuvio  et  L.  Accio  tragicis  poetis  historiam  scripserunt 
huiuscemodi :   "  Cum  Pacuvius,"  inquiunt,  "  grand!  iam 
aetate    et   morbo  corporis  diutino   adfectus,    Tarentum'^ 
ex   urbe    Roma    concessisset,  Accius  tunc,   haud  parvo  10 
iunior,  proficiscens  in  Asiam,  cum  in  oppidum  venisset, 
devertit  ad  Pacuvium  comiterque  invitatus  plusculisque 
ab    eo   diebus    retentus,    tragoediam    suam,    cui   Atreus 
n5men  est,   desideranti  legit."     Tum   Pacuvium  dixisse 
aiunt  sonora  quidem  esse  quae   scripsisset,  et  grandia ;  15 
sed  videri  tamen  ea  sibi  duriora  paulum  et  acerbiora. 
*'Ita  est,"  inquit  Accius,  "  uti  dicis ;  neque  id  me  sane 
paenitet :  meliora  enim  fore  spero  quae  postea  scribam. 
Nam  quod  in  pomis,  itidem,"  inquit,  "  esse  aiunt  in  inge- 
niis ;  quae  dura  et  acerba  nascuntur,  post  fiunt  mitia  et  20 
iucunda ;  sed  quae  gignuntur  statim  vieta  et  mollia  atque 
in  principio  sunt  uvida,  non  matura  mox  fiunt,  sed  putria. 

1.  See  p.  114,  1.  5.  are  spoken  of  in  terms  of  admira- 

2.  Lucius    Accius,    an    early  tion  by  the  ancient  writers. 
Roman   tragic  poet,   was    born  3.  A   large   city  in   southern 
170  B.C.     We  possess  only  frag-  Italy. 

ments  of  his  tragedies,  but  they 


140  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

^Relinquendum    igitur   visum  est  in  ingenio  quod   dies 
atque  aetas  mitificet." 

I.  Dr.  Knapp,  in  his  edition  nothing    turgid,   no    ungraceful 

of  Gellius,  aptly  quotes  as  fol-  ornament  or  flashy  rhetoric,  will 

lows  from  a  modern  critic  :  "  The  never  do  much  as  a  writer." 
young  man  whose  essay  shows 

XV,  1 6. 
134.     De  novo  genere  interitus  Crotoniensis  Milonis. 

Milo^  Crotoniensis^,  athleta  inlustris,  quern  in  Chroni- 
5  CIS  scriptum  est  ^Olympiade  LXII  primum  coronatum 
esse,  exitum  habuit  e  vita  miserandum  et  mirandum. 
Cum  iam  natu  grandis  artem  athleticam  desisset  iterque 
faceret  forte  solus  in  locis  Italiae  silvestribus,  quercum 
vidit  proxime  viam  patulis  in  parte  media  rimis  hiantem. 
10  Turn  experiri,  credo,  etiam  tunc  volens,  an  ullae  sibi 
reliquae  vires  adessent,  immissis  in  cavernas  arboris 
digitis,  diducere  et  rescindere  quercum  conatus  est. 
Ac  mediam  quidem  partem  discidit  divellitque ;  quercus 
autem  in  duas   diducta  partis,  cum  ille,  quasi  perfect© . 

1.  Milo  was  one  of  the  most  erful  towns  in  southern  Italy, 
famous  athletes  of  ancient  times.  It  owed  much  of  its  greatness  to 
He  was  six  times  victor  in  wrest-  Pythagoras,  the  famous  philos- 
ling  at  the  Olympic  games  and  opher,  who  established  his  school 
six  times  at  the  Pythian.      His  here. 

bodily   strength    was    extraordi-  3.  The  Olympic  games  were 

nary,  and  many  stories  are  told  first    celebrated    776    B.C.,    and 

of  his  wonderful  feats,  such  as  thereafter    every    fourth     year, 

carrying  a  heifer  of  four  years  The  intervening  four  years  was 

old  on  his  shoulder  through  the  called  an  Olympiad.     The  LXII 

stadium  at  Olympia.  Olympiad,   therefore,   would   be 

2.  Croton,    or    Crotona,    was  the  years  532-528  B.C. 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  pow- 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  141 

quod  erat  conixus,  manus  laxasset,  cessante  vi  rediit  in 
naturam,  manibusque  eius  retentis  inclusisque,  stricta  de- 
nuo  et  cohaesa  dilacerandum  hominem  feris  praebuit. 

XV,  i8. 

135.     Quod  pugna^  belli  civHis  victoriaque   Gai   Caesaria 
quam  vicit  in  Pharsaliis  campis,  nuntiata  praedictaque     5 
est  per  cuiuspiam  sacerdotis  vaticinium  eodem  ipso  die 
in  Italia  Patavi^. 

Quo  C.  Caesar  et  Cn.  Pompeius  die  per  civile  bellum 
sign  is  conlatis  in  Thessalia  conflixerunt,  res  accidit 
Patavi  in  Transpadana  Italia  memorari  digna.  Corne-  10 
lius  quidam  sacerdos,  et  nobilis  et  sacerdoti  religionibus 
venerandus  et  castitate  vitae  sanctus,  repente  ^mota  mente, 
conspicere  se  procul  dixit  pugnam  acerrimam  pugnari,  ac 
deinde  alios  cedere  alios  urgere,  caedem,  fugam,  tela 
volantia,  instaurationem  pugnae,  impressionem,  gemitus,  15 
volnera,  proinde  ut  si  ipse  in  proelio  versaretur,  coram 
videre  sese  vociferatus  est  ac  postea  subito  exclamavit 
Caesarem  vicisse. 

Ea  Corneli  sacerdotis  hariolati5  levis  turn  quidem  visa 
est  et  vecors.      Magnae    mox  admirationi  fuit  quoniam  20 
non  modo  pugnae  dies  quae  in  Thessalia  pugnata  esty 
neque    proeli  exitus  qui  erat  praedictus,  idem  fuit,  sed 
omnes  quoque  pugnandi  vicissitiidines  et  ipsa  exercituum 

1.  This  refers  to  the  battle  of  3.  The  ancients  believed  that 
Pharsalia  in  Thessaly,  48  B.C.,  in  the  minds  of  men  could  be 
which  Caesar  defeated  Pompey  moved  or  inspired  by  the  gods 
and  became  master  of  the  world.  to  prophesy.      This  was   called 

2.  Fata vium,  now  Padua,  was,  vdticinium   or  harioldtio^ 
under  the  Romans,  the  most  im- 
portant city  in  northern  Italy. 


142  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

duorum  conflictatio  vaticinantis   motu  atque  verbis  re- 
praesentata  est. 

XVII,  17. 

136.  Mithradatemi,  Ponti  regem,  duanim  et  viginti  gentium 
Unguis  locutum  ;  Quintumque  Enniiun^  tria  corda  habere 

5  sese  dixisse  quod  tris  linguas  sciret,  Graecam,  Oscam, 

Latinam. 

Quintus  Ennius  tria  corda  habere  sese  dicebat  quod 
loqui  Graece  et  Osce  et  Latine  sciret.  Mithradates 
autem,  ^Ponti    atque    Bithyniae  rex  inclutus,  qui  a  Cn. 

10  Pompeio  bello  superatus  est,  duarum  et  viginti  gentium 
quas  sub  dicione  habuit,  Unguis  locutus  est  earumque 
omnium  gentium  cum  viris  baud  umquam  per  interpretem 
conlocutus  est,  sed  ut  quemque  ab  eo  appellari  usus  fuit, 
proinde  lingua  et  oratione  ipsius  non  minus  scite  quam 

15  si  gentilis  eius  esset,  locutus  est. 

1.  Mithradates,  surnamed  the  father  of  their  poetry.  His  most 
Great,  made  three  wars  against  important  work  was  an  epic 
the  Romans.  He  was  finally  poem  called  the  Annals,  being 
subdued  by  Pompey,  65  B.C.  a  history  of  Rome.  All  his 
Cicero  calls  him  the  greatest  of  works  are  lost  excepting  a  few 
all  kings  after  Alexander.  fragments. 

2.  Ennius,  239-169  B.C.,  was  3.  Pontus  and  Bithynia  are 
regarded  by  the  Romans  as  the  provinces  in  Asia  Minor. 

XIX,  3. 

137.  Quod    turpius    est   frigide    laudari     quam    acerbius 

vituperari. 

Turpius  esse   dicebat  Favorinus^  philosophus    exigue 
atque  frigide  laudari  quam  insectanter  et  graviter  vitupe- 
I.  One  of  Gellius'  teachers,  see  p.  106. 


NOCTES  ATTIC AE.  143 

rari :  "  Quoniam,"  inquit,  "  qui  maledicit  et  vituperat, 
quanto  id  acerbius  facit  tanto  magis  ille  pro  inimico  et 
iniquo  ducitur,  et  plerumque,  propterea,  fidem  non  capit. 
Sed  qui  infecunde  atque  ieiiine  laudat,  destitui  a  causa 
videtur  et  ^amicus  quidem  creditur  eius  quern  laudare 
volt,  sed  nihil  posse  reperire  quod  iure  laudet." 

I.  cf.  our  expression,  'to  damn  a  friend  with  faint  praise.* 


XX,  7. 

138.     Quam  diversae  Graecorum  sententiae  super  numero 
Niobaei  filiorum. 

Mira  et  prope  adeo  ridicula  diversitas  fabulae  apud 
Graecos  poetas  deprenditur  super  numero  Niobae  filio-  10 
rum.  Nam  Homerus^  pueros  puellasque  eius  bis  senos 
dicit  fuisse,  Euripides^  bis  septenos,  Sapph5^  bis  novenos, 
Bacchylides^  et  Pindarus^  bis  denos,  quidam  alii  scripto- 
res  tres  fuisse  solos  dixerunt. 

T.  Niobe,  the   wife    of    Am-  cles   as  the   foremost  writer   of 

phion,  the  king  of  Thebes,  being  Greek  tragedy,  480-406  B.C. 
prouJof  the  number  of  her  chil-  4.  Sappho,  the  greatest  of  an- 

dren,  deemed  herself  superior  to  cient  poetesses,  lived  in  the  sev- 

Latona,  who  had  but  two,  Apol-  enth    century    B.C.    and    wrote 

lo  and  Diana.     As  a  punishment  lyrics. 

her  children  were  all  killed   by  5.  Bacchylides,    one    of    the 

the  shafts  of  the  archer  god  and  great  lyric  poets  of  Greece,  flour- 

his  sister.  ished  about  470  B.C. 

2.  Homer,  the  great  epic  poet  6.  Pindar,  the  greatest  lyric 
of  Greece,  may  have  lived  about  poet  of  Greece,  was  born  about 
900  B.C.  522  B.C. 

3.  Euripides  followed  Sopho- 


PRONOUNCING   VOCABULARY 


GREEK   AND    LATIN    PROPER   NAMES. 


N.B.    ae  and  oe  are  pronounced  as  e  would  be  in  the  same  situation. 


Ac'ci-us  (ak'shi-us). 

A-chiries. 

A-crisl-us  (a-krizh'i-us). 

Ad-me'ta. 

Ae'a-cus. 

Ae'gypt. 

A  e-gyp'ti-i  (e- j  ip'shi-i) . 

AemTli-a'nus. 

Ae-miri-us. 

Ae-thi'o-pes. 

Arri-ca'nus. 

Arci-bi'a-des. 

Alc-me'na. 

Arex-an'der. 

Am'a-zon. 

Am-bra'ci-a  (am-bra'shi-a) . 

Am'mon. 

A-myn'tas. 

An-drom'e-da. 

An'ti-as  (an'shi-as). 

An-tro-€hus. 

A'pi-on. 

A-porio. 

Ar-ca'di-a. 

Ar-gori-cus. 

Ar^go-lis. 

Ar'is-tot'e-leg. 


A-serius. 

A'si-a  (a'shi-a). 

A'si-atl-cus. 

A-tel-us  (a-te'yus). 

A-ter'ni-us. 

A-tiri-us. 

At'las. 

A'treus. 

Au-ge'as. 

Au'lus. 

B. 

Bac-chyri-des. 

Bag'ra-da. 

Bib'u-lus. 

Bi-thyn'i-a. 

Bu-ceph'a-las. 

Bu-si'ris. 


Caucus. 

Cae'sar. 

Can'nae. 

Ca-nu'si-um  (ka-nu'zhi-um). 

Cap'i-to. 

Cap'i-to'li-um. 

Car-thag'i-ni-en'ses. 

Car-tha'go. 

Ca'to. 


Certi-be'ri. 

Ce-nae'us. 

Cen-tau'rus. 

Ce'pheus. 

Cer'be-rus. 

Ce'res. 

Cha'res. 

Cha'ron. 

Ci9Vro. 

ClauMi-us. 

Clyp'e-a. 

Cor-ne'li-a. 

Cor-ne'li-us. 

Cras'-sus. 

Cre'on. 

Cre'ta. 

Croe'sus. 

Cro-to'na. 

D. 

Dan'a-e. 
De-i'a-ni'ra 

(de-ya-ni'ra). 
Derphi-cus. 
De-mos'the-nes. 
Den-ta'tus. 
Di-ag'o-ras. 
Di'o-me'de§. 


PRONOUNCING   VOCABULARY. 


145 


£. 

Ech'e-clus. 

E-lec'tra. 

E'lis. 

E-lys'i-an  (e-lizhl-an). 

En'ni-us. 

Eph'e-sus. 

Er-gi'iius. 

Er'y-man'thus. 

Er'y-thra. 

Eu'no-mus. 

Eu-rip'i-des. 

Eu-ro'pa. 

Eu-rys'theus. 

Eu-rytl-on  (yu-rish'-un). 

Eu'ry-tus. 

F. 

Fa'bi-a. 

Fa'bi-us. 

Fa-bricl-us  (fa-brish'i-us). 

Fav'o-ri'nus. 

Flac'cus. 

Flaml-nrnus. 

Furvi-us. 

Fu'ri-us. 


Ga'i-us  (ga'yus). 

Gal'ba. 

(iani-a. 

GaHus. 

Gerii-us. 

Ge'ry-on. 

Gor'go-nes. 

Grac'chus. 

Grae'ae. 

Grae'ci-a  (gre'shi-a). 


H. 

Ha'des. 

Han'ni-bal. 

Han'no. 

HasMru-bal. 

Her'cu-le§. 

He-rod'o-tus. 

He-si'o-ne. 

Hes-per'i-des. 

Hip-pory-te. 

His-pa'ni. 

His-pa'ni-a. 

His'ter. 

HyMra. 

Hy-gi'nus. 

I. 

I'o-la'us. 
Fo-le. 
Iph'i-cles. 
I-ta'li-a. 

J. 

Ju'li-us. 

Ju'no. 

Ju'pi-ter. 

L. 

La9  Vdae-m  o'n  i-i. 

La-co'ni-a. 

Laeli-us. 

La-om'e-don. 

La-ris'sa. 

Len'tu-lus. 

Lep'i-dus. 

Ler'na. 

Ler-nae'an. 

Le'the. 

Lib'y-a. 


Li'chas. 

Lig'u-re§. 

Li-gu'ri-a. 

Li'nus. 

Lit'er-ni'num. 

Lu'ci-us  (lu'shi-us). 

Lu-cuHus. 

Lus'ci-nus. 

M. 

Ma^'e-don. 

Ma9'e-do'ni-a. 

Ma9'e-don'i-cus. 

Ma9'e-tae. 

Ma-niri-us. 

Mar'ci-us  (mar'shi-us), 

Mar'cus. 

Mars. 

Masl-nis'sa. 

Mas-si'va, 

Mau'ri. 

Me-du'sa. 

Mer-cu'ri-us. 

Me-teHus. 

MHo. 

Mi-nerVa. 

Mi'nos. 

Min'y-ae. 

Mith'ra-da'tes. 

Mum'mi-us. 

N. 
Nae'vi-us. 
Ne-mae'a. 
Nep-tu'nus. 
Ne'ro. 
Nes'sus. 
Ni-ca'nor. 


146 


PRO  NO  UNCING   VOCAB  ULAR  Y. 


Ni9'i-as  (nish'i-as). 

NHus. 

Nro-be. 

Nu-man'ti-a  (nu-man'shi-a) 

Nu'man-trni. 

Nu'mi-da. 

Nu-midl-a. 

0. 

O-ce'a-nus. 

Oe-€ha'li-a. 

Oe'neus. 

Oe'ta. 

O-lym'pi-a. 

O-lym^pus. 

Or'cus. 

O-res'tes. 

Os'can. 

P. 

Pa-cu'vi-us. 

Pa-pir'i-us. 

Pa-ta'vi-um. 

Pau'lus. 

Per'sa. 

Peruse  us. 

Phar-sa'li-a. 

Phi-lip'pi. 

Phi-lip'pi-des. 

Phi-lip'pus. 

PhHus. 

Phoaus. 

PinMa-rus. 

Pi-sis'tra-tus. 

Plau'tus. 

Plu'to. 

Poe'ni. 

Po'lus. 

Po-lyb'i-us. 


Po-lyc'ri-ta. 
Pory-dec^tes. 
Pom-pel-US  (-yus). 
,  Ponlus. 
Por'ci-us  (por^shi-us). 
Prae'tex-talus. 
Pro-ser'pi-na. 
Ptore-my  (tore-my). 
Publi-us. 
Pyr'rhus. 
Pythl-a. 

Q. 

Quad'ri-ga'ri-us. 

Quin'tus. 

Qui-riles. 

R. 

Reg'u-lus. 
Rhad'a-manlh  us. 
Rhod'a-nus. 
Ru-fi'nus. 

S. 

Sal-lus'ti-us. 

Sam-ni'tes. 

Sam'o-thra^ce. 

Sap'pho  (safo). 

Scipl-o. 

Se-leu'cus. 

Se'na. 

Sen^e-ca. 

Se-ri'phus. 

Sib'yl-li'ni. 

Si-ciKi-a. 

Si-cin'i-us. 

Sic'u-li. 

Soc'ra-tes. 

Soph^o-cles. 


Spu'ri-us. 

Stym-phalus. 

Sul-picl-us  (sul-pishl-us). 

Su-per'bus. 

Sy'phax. 

Syr'a-cuse. 

Syrl-a. 

T. 

Taen'a-rum. 

Tar-pel-us  (-yus). 

Tar-quin'i-us. 

Tar'ta-rus. 

Terli-a  (ter'shi-a). 

The'bae. 

The-ba'ni. 

Ther-mo'don. 

Thes-sa'li-a. 

Thra'ci-a  (thra'shi-a). 

Tib'e-ris. 

Ti-beVi-us. 

Ti-cilius. 

Ti-mo€h'a-res. 

Trro. 

Tilyns. 

Tro'ja. 

Tro-ja'ni. 

Turii-us. 

Tus^cu-lum. 

V. 

Vol-calius. 

X. 

Xan-thip'pe. 

Xan-thip'pus. 

Xerx'es. 

Z. 

Za'ma. 


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